१७. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS
VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
Before King Nanyadeva Kirtivarma and Nrigavarma of the Karnat family ruled over some parts of Mithila.King Nriga was patron of Vachaspati.
Kirtivartnan I reigned from A.D. 567-68 to 597-98 and conquered Vatiga, Anga, Kalinga and other provinces of North India, later on Nrigvarman occupied a portion of Mithila.
Inscriptions relating to the Kadamb Kings of Goa .An inscription calls him descended from Trilocanakadamba.Kamala-devi the wife of the Permadi established seats of learn¬ing in many parts of the kingdom where Vedas, Vedangas, Nyaya, Mimamsa. Sankhya-yoga, Vedanta, Smriti, Itihasas and Puranas were taught besides astronomy.
Nanyadeva (A D 1097-1143) obtained the kingdom of Mithila in return for a tribute of I lakh, he calls himself " Mithilesvara " in his work on music. With founding of village Koili-Nanhapura (Nanyapura) near Nehra¬Raghopur ,Sakri his seat of government was Sivarampura-Simraon a village situated in Nepal 10 kms. North of the Purnahia factory in the Motihari Sub-division. He ruled for thirty six years in Mithila between the powerful Gahadwalas of Kasi and Senas of Magadha and Bengal. He clashed with Vijaya-sena, battle near Supaul and Nanyadeva was defeated in it. But his son Gangadeva and Malladeva defeated Vijayasena and towns of Malladiha and Gadgapar Rajani were established. Nanyadeva’ s minister was Sridhara Kayastha.
Nanyadeva wrote Sarasvati-bridaya Kanthahara, a work on music.Gangadeva (A.D. 1133-1174) secceded Nanyadeva. He introduced the system of fiscal divisions or parganas for the purposes of revenue administration. One tank near Laheriaserai and another in Anhara-Tharhi were constructed by him.
His brother ruled over Nepal.Malladeva another son of Nanyadeva is known through Vidyapati's Purushapariksha, the Yuddhavira. Malladeva served under Jayachandra of Kanauj .
Narasimhadeva I (A.D 1174-1226)succeded Gadgadeva. Called Satyavira by Vidyapati in his Purushapariksha. He quarreled with his kinsman, the king of Nepal and Mithila and Nepal were separated.Tughril Tughan (A.D. 1232-44) raided Tirhut. Ghias-ud-din I Uddin undertook an expedition to Mithila.
Ramasimhadeva came to the throne in 1226 A D. During his time commentaries on the Vedas were compiled. Village officers were appointed.Shaktisimhdeva (AD.1284-12.96) succeeded his father in 1284 A.D. his seat of government was near modern Sakri Railway Station. Harisimhadeva (A. D. 1296-1323) He was one of the most famous kings of Mithila. ¬He reorganised the social hierarchy of Maithil Brahmanas.In 1323 the Emperor of Delhi, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (A.D. 1320-1325) conquered Tirhut.Sultan Haji Shamsuddin of Bengal founded Hajipur and Shamsuddinpur (Samastipur) extended his conquests to Tirhut and Champaran while going to Nepal. In A.D. 1352 Firuz Tughlaq became angry and crossed Kosi and drove out Ilyas from Tirhut.Matisinha, Saktisinha and Syatirasimha ruled Mithila. The daughter of Syamasidhadeva is said to have been married to a descedant of the family of Mallas, who took over the rule of Nepal from the Karnata dynasty.The Sarqui rulers of Jannpur ruled over the greater part of North Bihar in the first half of the 15th centuries.
English Translation of Gajendra Thakur's Maithili Novel Sahasrabadhani by Smt. Jyoti Jha Chaudhary
Jyoti Jha Chaudhary, Date of Birth: December 30 1978,Place of Birth- Belhvar (Madhubani District), Education: Swami Vivekananda Middle School, Tisco Sakchi Girls High School, Mrs KMPM Inter College, IGNOU, ICWAI (COST ACCOUNTANCY); Residence- LONDON, UK; Father- Sh. Shubhankar Jha, Jamshedpur; Mother- Smt. Sudha Jha- Shivipatti. Her Mithila Paintings have been displayed by Ealing Art Group at Ealing Broadway, London.
Jyoti received editor's choice award from www.poetry.com and her poems were featured in front page of www.poetrysoup.com for some period.
SahasraBarhani:The Comet
Year 1885: A boy was born in Jhingur Thakur’s house. It was the same year when an historical event of formation of Congress Party was to be held later on. British rule could be said successful in establishing itself strongly in India. It was the period when the Indian rulers started feeling proud of being associated with British. Congress was noticeable in those days because of its disturbing attitude in the field of education. Ultimately, Congress had got recognition as assurer of undisturbed future to an Indian government compromising its freedom to British rule. To change its image of acceptor of the on going interference rather dominance of British rule, the Congress was to immerge as a revolutionary reformer. However, Sanskrit was dominating language but it was impossible to get a government job without learning English. The scope of government jobs rendered by Indians were related as well as limited to collecting money from Indian rulers. And, a post called Kirani Babu occupied by British people also immerged later on.
In such social condition the boy was kept away from the language of Sanskrit. English was not in use in Maithil families and that is why they were one generation backward in those days. But Jhingur Babu arranged a teacher from Kolkata to educate his son. A Bengali Teacher taught the boy English in Darbhanga afterwards. It was the effect of such education that Kalit became an expert orator with enchanting wittiness. The boy whom Jhingur Babu had seen as a newborn infant smiling while sleeping, then crawling and then toddling is now being educated. He remembered how the baby Kalit was bumping like a frog while learning how to crawl. That memory of his son brought a smile in his face. His wife asked him about the reason of that smile. After being failed in hiding the reason he told everything to his wife. That was enough reason to make the couple exploring the past, the childhood of their son.
“Once Kalit was crawling in the courtyard and after crossing the courtyard when he found pebbles he started crawling by lifting his knees up”, recalled his wife.
“One day I found him trying to stand on window by holding the wall. I decided to leave him trying. He couldn’t succeed two times and fell down on the bed. His hands couldn’t reach the windows but in his third attempt he jumped high enough to get a grip in widow and stood straight”, Jhingur Babu remembered.
“I was counting something oneday, suddenly a sound of oo followed when I said two. I repeated the word and my sound was followed by that sound again then I realised that Kalit was copying me.”
“One day after returning from field, I took bathe and ate lunch, and then I cleared my throat by making some sound. Kalit copied the same sound. When I looked back I found him playing with ball. I repeated my sound and he again copied me. I didn’t tell him anything but I understood that he is copying me. Everyone in guest hall started laughing. They started making such sound and Kalit didn’t stop copying them each time in his unique style. How old was he at that time- nine or ten months”
“And what I told you, at that time he must be six or seven months old”, said his wife. She was speaking to him directly when only two of them were having their private conversation; she was talking in different way in front in front of her in-laws or other person. Jhingur Babu was also not different from her and he was also talking in third person in presence of others. Everything remains normal in privacy. Jhingur Babu smiled again, vowed to keep Kalit out from this culture, afterall he should realise how backward is his father. Wife again questioned about his laughter but he didn’t disclose anything this time and went to outside.
(c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
Showing posts with label VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS. Show all posts
Friday, August 01, 2008
Monday, July 28, 2008
'विदेह' १ जुलाई २००८ ( वर्ष १ मास ७ अंक १३ ) १७. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS/ VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
१७. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS
VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
Basarh seal shows that in Tirabhukti, the Kumaumatya was entrusted with the district administration to the provincial governors called uparika.
The Panchobh copper-plate grant deed of Ramagupta appears to continue the dominance of Later Guptas over the Southern part of the province . Sangramagupta granted a village Vanipama in district Jambuvani to a Brahmana called Kumira Swami of Sandilya Gotra,.learned in Yajurveda and belonging to Kola chanula.
After the Guptas, Mithila formed a part of Harsha's Empire which included Lord of Five Indies have been interpreted as, Lord of Punjab, Kanyakubja, Mithila, Bengal and Orissa.
Harsha left no son to succeed him, Arjuna or Arunusva, in¬charge of Tirabhukti, claimed imperial status and forced neighbouring provinces to submit to him. Madhavagupta who became independent, must have resisted the pretensions of Arjuna. A chinese mission was going to Magadha and Arjuna attacked the mission. This assault brought about the invasion of his kingdom by the Tibetan army swooped down upon Tirhut, the kingdom of Arjuna and stormed his capital and also other towns of the kingdom. He was captured and it was quite possible that Tirabhukti was brought under Tibetan imperialism aided by the Nepalese army. King of Tibet,
established his sway over Mithila, along with Nepal. Tibetan rule in Tirhut lasted only for about half a century A. D. 647-8 to 703 A.D.
Arjuna attacked a Chinese mission killed most of the members of the mission and plundered their property. Want hiuen-tse fled to Nepal, secured 7,000 soldiers from Nepal and 1200 from Tibet and returning to Indian plains, disastrously defeated and imprisoned Arjuna and took him a captive to China.
Gopala : The palas of Bengal extended their influence over the whole of Eastern India¬. The Palas inscriptions of earlier times do not allude at all to any glorious and legendry descent as they were Buddhists. The foundation of the Pala dynasty in Bengal goes back to Gopala, put an end to the state of anarchy which prevailed in Bengal after the death of Sasanka.
Gopala is also credited with the foundation of the Nalanda Vihara , reduced Magadha also under his power.
Dharmapala (c, 783-818 A. D.) really raised the glory of Palas to Imperial heights, Mithila was an integral part of its central stru-cture being directly administered by the king himself. Dharmapala fought with the Pratiharas and made himself the real master of Kanauj and installed his protege chakrayuddha to the throne as a vasal ruler.
The Karnatas and the Latas are mentioned among royal officers in the Nalanda Inscription of Dharmapala.
Devapala (c. 818-850 A D.) continued his hold over Mithila, Mudgagiri (Munger) became an important administrative centre.
Badal pillar inscription of Narayanapala- the victories of the time of Devapala are credited to the hereditary ministerial family, Darbharai and his grandson Kedara Mishra who were Maithil. Devapala's reign is the high water mark of the Pala imperialism.
Bhagalpur Inscription definitely uses the word Tribhukti for Monghyr.
Vigrahapala I is the sams as Surapala mentioned in the Hadal Pillar inscription of Guravamisra,, because it is the only name mentioned between Devapala and Narayanpala, and again in the Bhagalpur grant.
Narayanpala (c. 863-916 A.D.) again Pala domination over Mithila. granted from Mudgagiri (Monghyr) a village in Tirabhukti to the Shrine of Siva.
The Bhagalpur copper Plate of Narayana¬pala - Guravamigra was holding a high office-that of a dutaka of a royal grant. After his accession Narayanapala became reconciled with the mini¬sterial family and pardoned Guravamisra for the part that he or his father might have played during the internal troubles in the family.
The Dighwa-Dubauli plate was issued by Mahendrapala -a village grant about 40 Kms. South east of Gopalaganj in the Saran District- , hold of Mahendrapala over North Bihar. His last known date is 907-08 A.D.
Mahipala's authority over Tirabhukti is proved by two identical ima¬ges inscriptions found in the village of Imadpur in the Muzaffarpur.
In 1019 A.D. Kalachuri Gangeyadeva was ruling over Tirhut, and therefore Mahipala I must reconquered it from Kalachuris .
Nanyadevaof Mithila who came to the throne in 10th century AD.
"Gaudadlivaja" -the correct reading being " Garudadhvaja", few possibility of identifying Gatigeyadeva of Tirabhukti with the Kalachuri King.Ganga or Gahga-deva, son of Nanyadeva (1097-1147 A. D.).
Mithila might have passed into the hands of some other ruler than the Palas.
Ramapala attempted a partial rejuvenation. Chedis of Tripuri, the Karnata's of Mithila, the Raivartas of North Bengal. the Rashtrakuta of Pithi (in Bihar), the Chand¬isis of Kanauj and the Senas of Eastern Bengal hammered at the Pala king¬dom, which ultimately disappeared by 12th century A. D.
Ramapala (c. 1084-1130) conquered Mithila from Raja king of Kaivartas.
Vaidyadeva's Kanauli copper-plate refer to the conquest of the land of Rampala's father by the expression "Janakabhu " and not that of Mithila.
Dharmapala founded the famous Vikramasila Vihara .
The His¬tory of the 84 Siddhas and that of the celebrated Maithili poems called Chariapadas clearly show how valuable the influence of the Pala rulers was in the history of Buddhism and its thought.
By storming the capital of the Paramara King Bhoja I , destroying the Kalachuri King Karma, the Chalukya king Somesvara I paved the way for the Karnatic domination in North Indian politics
like Gahadavalas of Kanauj (or Kashi), the Senas of Bengal and Nanyadeva of Mithila.
Vijayasena (c 1095-1158 A.D.) made an attempt to conquer Mithila also. Nanyadeva claimed to have broken the power of Ganda and Venga- Nanyadeva's son Gange¬deva, claimed to be the lord of Gauds , encounter of Vijayasena and Nanyadeva was indecisive and that Vijayasena's attempt to bring under his domination, the whole of the basic Pala Empire met with a failure in so far as Mithila was concerned
Vallalasena
Vallalasena (c. 1158-1179 A. D.)-Vallala Charita - dominations of Vallalasena comprised five province, viz., Vanga, Varendra, Radha, Bagdi and Mithila.
Lakshmanasenu (c. 1179-1205 A. D) was perhaps one of the greatest Kings of Bengal. His court was adorned by emiment poets- Umapatidhara Maithil ,Govardhanuclrarya was certainly a Maithil. Vidyapati records the story of an actor who died while impersonating Rama's viraha before his court , an-era in Mithila after him- one Lakhanackanda in the Ragatarangini of Lochana.
Chronicle of one Mukunda Sena is preserved in Nepal Durbar Library.
Karnata kings were in the modern province of Bihar from even the 6th Cen. A. D,brought with him Karnatic pandits to propagate their culture. Nanyadeva brought scholars rldharadasa, the author of the Sadukti¬karpamrita. A great .scholar and Vidyaguru of Vacha¬spati, Trilochana might have come to Mithi¬la along with the Kings of Karnata .
(c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
Basarh seal shows that in Tirabhukti, the Kumaumatya was entrusted with the district administration to the provincial governors called uparika.
The Panchobh copper-plate grant deed of Ramagupta appears to continue the dominance of Later Guptas over the Southern part of the province . Sangramagupta granted a village Vanipama in district Jambuvani to a Brahmana called Kumira Swami of Sandilya Gotra,.learned in Yajurveda and belonging to Kola chanula.
After the Guptas, Mithila formed a part of Harsha's Empire which included Lord of Five Indies have been interpreted as, Lord of Punjab, Kanyakubja, Mithila, Bengal and Orissa.
Harsha left no son to succeed him, Arjuna or Arunusva, in¬charge of Tirabhukti, claimed imperial status and forced neighbouring provinces to submit to him. Madhavagupta who became independent, must have resisted the pretensions of Arjuna. A chinese mission was going to Magadha and Arjuna attacked the mission. This assault brought about the invasion of his kingdom by the Tibetan army swooped down upon Tirhut, the kingdom of Arjuna and stormed his capital and also other towns of the kingdom. He was captured and it was quite possible that Tirabhukti was brought under Tibetan imperialism aided by the Nepalese army. King of Tibet,
established his sway over Mithila, along with Nepal. Tibetan rule in Tirhut lasted only for about half a century A. D. 647-8 to 703 A.D.
Arjuna attacked a Chinese mission killed most of the members of the mission and plundered their property. Want hiuen-tse fled to Nepal, secured 7,000 soldiers from Nepal and 1200 from Tibet and returning to Indian plains, disastrously defeated and imprisoned Arjuna and took him a captive to China.
Gopala : The palas of Bengal extended their influence over the whole of Eastern India¬. The Palas inscriptions of earlier times do not allude at all to any glorious and legendry descent as they were Buddhists. The foundation of the Pala dynasty in Bengal goes back to Gopala, put an end to the state of anarchy which prevailed in Bengal after the death of Sasanka.
Gopala is also credited with the foundation of the Nalanda Vihara , reduced Magadha also under his power.
Dharmapala (c, 783-818 A. D.) really raised the glory of Palas to Imperial heights, Mithila was an integral part of its central stru-cture being directly administered by the king himself. Dharmapala fought with the Pratiharas and made himself the real master of Kanauj and installed his protege chakrayuddha to the throne as a vasal ruler.
The Karnatas and the Latas are mentioned among royal officers in the Nalanda Inscription of Dharmapala.
Devapala (c. 818-850 A D.) continued his hold over Mithila, Mudgagiri (Munger) became an important administrative centre.
Badal pillar inscription of Narayanapala- the victories of the time of Devapala are credited to the hereditary ministerial family, Darbharai and his grandson Kedara Mishra who were Maithil. Devapala's reign is the high water mark of the Pala imperialism.
Bhagalpur Inscription definitely uses the word Tribhukti for Monghyr.
Vigrahapala I is the sams as Surapala mentioned in the Hadal Pillar inscription of Guravamisra,, because it is the only name mentioned between Devapala and Narayanpala, and again in the Bhagalpur grant.
Narayanpala (c. 863-916 A.D.) again Pala domination over Mithila. granted from Mudgagiri (Monghyr) a village in Tirabhukti to the Shrine of Siva.
The Bhagalpur copper Plate of Narayana¬pala - Guravamigra was holding a high office-that of a dutaka of a royal grant. After his accession Narayanapala became reconciled with the mini¬sterial family and pardoned Guravamisra for the part that he or his father might have played during the internal troubles in the family.
The Dighwa-Dubauli plate was issued by Mahendrapala -a village grant about 40 Kms. South east of Gopalaganj in the Saran District- , hold of Mahendrapala over North Bihar. His last known date is 907-08 A.D.
Mahipala's authority over Tirabhukti is proved by two identical ima¬ges inscriptions found in the village of Imadpur in the Muzaffarpur.
In 1019 A.D. Kalachuri Gangeyadeva was ruling over Tirhut, and therefore Mahipala I must reconquered it from Kalachuris .
Nanyadevaof Mithila who came to the throne in 10th century AD.
"Gaudadlivaja" -the correct reading being " Garudadhvaja", few possibility of identifying Gatigeyadeva of Tirabhukti with the Kalachuri King.Ganga or Gahga-deva, son of Nanyadeva (1097-1147 A. D.).
Mithila might have passed into the hands of some other ruler than the Palas.
Ramapala attempted a partial rejuvenation. Chedis of Tripuri, the Karnata's of Mithila, the Raivartas of North Bengal. the Rashtrakuta of Pithi (in Bihar), the Chand¬isis of Kanauj and the Senas of Eastern Bengal hammered at the Pala king¬dom, which ultimately disappeared by 12th century A. D.
Ramapala (c. 1084-1130) conquered Mithila from Raja king of Kaivartas.
Vaidyadeva's Kanauli copper-plate refer to the conquest of the land of Rampala's father by the expression "Janakabhu " and not that of Mithila.
Dharmapala founded the famous Vikramasila Vihara .
The His¬tory of the 84 Siddhas and that of the celebrated Maithili poems called Chariapadas clearly show how valuable the influence of the Pala rulers was in the history of Buddhism and its thought.
By storming the capital of the Paramara King Bhoja I , destroying the Kalachuri King Karma, the Chalukya king Somesvara I paved the way for the Karnatic domination in North Indian politics
like Gahadavalas of Kanauj (or Kashi), the Senas of Bengal and Nanyadeva of Mithila.
Vijayasena (c 1095-1158 A.D.) made an attempt to conquer Mithila also. Nanyadeva claimed to have broken the power of Ganda and Venga- Nanyadeva's son Gange¬deva, claimed to be the lord of Gauds , encounter of Vijayasena and Nanyadeva was indecisive and that Vijayasena's attempt to bring under his domination, the whole of the basic Pala Empire met with a failure in so far as Mithila was concerned
Vallalasena
Vallalasena (c. 1158-1179 A. D.)-Vallala Charita - dominations of Vallalasena comprised five province, viz., Vanga, Varendra, Radha, Bagdi and Mithila.
Lakshmanasenu (c. 1179-1205 A. D) was perhaps one of the greatest Kings of Bengal. His court was adorned by emiment poets- Umapatidhara Maithil ,Govardhanuclrarya was certainly a Maithil. Vidyapati records the story of an actor who died while impersonating Rama's viraha before his court , an-era in Mithila after him- one Lakhanackanda in the Ragatarangini of Lochana.
Chronicle of one Mukunda Sena is preserved in Nepal Durbar Library.
Karnata kings were in the modern province of Bihar from even the 6th Cen. A. D,brought with him Karnatic pandits to propagate their culture. Nanyadeva brought scholars rldharadasa, the author of the Sadukti¬karpamrita. A great .scholar and Vidyaguru of Vacha¬spati, Trilochana might have come to Mithi¬la along with the Kings of Karnata .
(c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
'विदेह' १५ जून २००८ ( वर्ष १ मास ६ अंक १२ ) १६. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
१६. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS
VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
The site near Darbhanga Railway Station, Harahi, meaning in Maithili language, the site of bones is still unclassified and unstudied. The study of primitive castes and tribes of Mithila may however be conducted. As early as the 5th century A. D. several tribes made up the Vajjian Confederacy one of the constituent was Lichhavis, for a long time they were considered as foreign stock Jyotirisvara's Varnaratnkara enumerates various other tribes, namely, Tatama, Dhanukha, Goara, Khatbe, Amata.
The Brahmanas did not cross Sadanira. When Malhava reached the Sadanira he asked the Agni, where shall be his abode. Agni replied that to the east of Sadanira. Agni did not burnt the Paurava territory including N. Panchala and the Ayodhya as these were and they remained cultivated regions even in early times which is absurd. 1f it enshrines any historical truth, it might mean that the reformed Brahmanism passed from the Bharata Kingdom to Ayodhya and then to Vidcha.
Videha country was following Vedic culture long before the Brahmana age in the early Samhita age of the Rigveda. Yajurveda Samhita mentions the cows of Videha as particularly famous in Ancient India. In Brihadaranyaka Upanishad Samrat Janaka is mentioned as a great patron of Vedic culture and the Videha Brahmanas were superior to the Kuru Panchalas in the Upanishadic phase of the development of Vedic culture. A particular sacrificial rite fire adds, Gautama Rahugana is credited with the discovery of the Mitravinda sacrifice, further revived by Emperor Janaka, through Yajnavalkya. Nami Sapya Vaideha Raja performed elaborate sacrifices and reached heaven, the name of this King appears in several passages in the Rigveda , e.g., Nami was the friend and associate of Indra in quarelling the Asura Namuci and in the fight with Namuci Indra protected Nami Sapya.
Maithila Raja learnt the science of fighting with mace from Duryodhana. When the centre of power shifted from the city of Mithila to the city of Vaisali about 34 kms. north of Muzaffarpur, here the Videhan princes formed one of the eight important clans of Vajjian confederacy.
During the age of Mauryas Mithila became subject to the suzerainty of Magadh but Lichchhavis were not completely exterminated. Their name ,however, is conscpicious by its absence at the Second Buddhist council held in c 377 B.C or when Asoka installed an uninscribed pillar at this place in 250 B.C. But after two centuries from then Kautilya speaks about Sangha form of government and advises King Chandra-gupta Maurya of Magadha to seek the help of these Sanghas which, on account of their unity and concord were almost unconquerable.
During the age of the Guptas the Lichchhavis appear to have possessed considerable political power in North East India. Chandragupta has Lichehhavi wife Kumaradevi. Chandragupta II ‘s son Govindgupta was the governor appointed over the Province which came to be known as Tirabhukti. Excavations at Basarh, the ancient site of Vaisali have yielded a hundred and twenty varieties of seals, and a variety of coins of the Gupta Age. The seals are those of Officials, which were attached to the governors or chiefs of that district residing at Vaisali. The number of seals attached to letters sent by merchants and bankers, point to the large commercial transactions that were conducted in these days between the chiefs and important traders from Patliputra and other cities. It seems that a chamber of commerce like institution was in force.
(c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
The site near Darbhanga Railway Station, Harahi, meaning in Maithili language, the site of bones is still unclassified and unstudied. The study of primitive castes and tribes of Mithila may however be conducted. As early as the 5th century A. D. several tribes made up the Vajjian Confederacy one of the constituent was Lichhavis, for a long time they were considered as foreign stock Jyotirisvara's Varnaratnkara enumerates various other tribes, namely, Tatama, Dhanukha, Goara, Khatbe, Amata.
The Brahmanas did not cross Sadanira. When Malhava reached the Sadanira he asked the Agni, where shall be his abode. Agni replied that to the east of Sadanira. Agni did not burnt the Paurava territory including N. Panchala and the Ayodhya as these were and they remained cultivated regions even in early times which is absurd. 1f it enshrines any historical truth, it might mean that the reformed Brahmanism passed from the Bharata Kingdom to Ayodhya and then to Vidcha.
Videha country was following Vedic culture long before the Brahmana age in the early Samhita age of the Rigveda. Yajurveda Samhita mentions the cows of Videha as particularly famous in Ancient India. In Brihadaranyaka Upanishad Samrat Janaka is mentioned as a great patron of Vedic culture and the Videha Brahmanas were superior to the Kuru Panchalas in the Upanishadic phase of the development of Vedic culture. A particular sacrificial rite fire adds, Gautama Rahugana is credited with the discovery of the Mitravinda sacrifice, further revived by Emperor Janaka, through Yajnavalkya. Nami Sapya Vaideha Raja performed elaborate sacrifices and reached heaven, the name of this King appears in several passages in the Rigveda , e.g., Nami was the friend and associate of Indra in quarelling the Asura Namuci and in the fight with Namuci Indra protected Nami Sapya.
Maithila Raja learnt the science of fighting with mace from Duryodhana. When the centre of power shifted from the city of Mithila to the city of Vaisali about 34 kms. north of Muzaffarpur, here the Videhan princes formed one of the eight important clans of Vajjian confederacy.
During the age of Mauryas Mithila became subject to the suzerainty of Magadh but Lichchhavis were not completely exterminated. Their name ,however, is conscpicious by its absence at the Second Buddhist council held in c 377 B.C or when Asoka installed an uninscribed pillar at this place in 250 B.C. But after two centuries from then Kautilya speaks about Sangha form of government and advises King Chandra-gupta Maurya of Magadha to seek the help of these Sanghas which, on account of their unity and concord were almost unconquerable.
During the age of the Guptas the Lichchhavis appear to have possessed considerable political power in North East India. Chandragupta has Lichehhavi wife Kumaradevi. Chandragupta II ‘s son Govindgupta was the governor appointed over the Province which came to be known as Tirabhukti. Excavations at Basarh, the ancient site of Vaisali have yielded a hundred and twenty varieties of seals, and a variety of coins of the Gupta Age. The seals are those of Officials, which were attached to the governors or chiefs of that district residing at Vaisali. The number of seals attached to letters sent by merchants and bankers, point to the large commercial transactions that were conducted in these days between the chiefs and important traders from Patliputra and other cities. It seems that a chamber of commerce like institution was in force.
(c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
Sunday, July 27, 2008
'विदेह' ०१ जून २००८ ( वर्ष १ मास ६ अंक ११ )१६. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS/ VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
'विदेह' ०१ जून २००८ ( वर्ष १ मास ६ अंक ११ )
१६. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS
VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
the pre-Kushana period, c. 120 B.C.-A.D. 80, the period of Kushana domination in Bihar, A.D. 50-140, the post-Kushana period, A.D. 140-319.
In second-century B.c. Vaisali forts were constructed e.g. Lauriya-Nandangarh ,fort of Katragarh , Muzaffarpur in Sunga period. Garb area of Basarh , baked brick defence wall was built at the Garb. In the Sunga period the Abhishcka-Pushkarni at modern Kharauna, was surrounded by a wall. Terracotta unassociated with the Northern Black Polished Ware of the Sungas only Gupta period exceeds the number of seals, sealings and tokens.
Migration of Lichehhavi Supushpa of Pushpapura Pataliputra to Nepal-(Nepal Inscription.
Pataliputra King's Surrender to Kanishka of the Buddha's Alms Bowl -Chinese Tradition.
Chinese tradition –he demanded a large indemnity 9,00,000 pieces of gold, but agreed to accept Ashvaghosha, the Buddhist poet and dramatist , Buddha's alms bowl ,compassionate cock-aken away by Kanishka to Purushapura corrobo¬rated from a Sanskrit work of Kumaralata -Kalpanbman¬ditika. sovereign ruler of Patali¬putra and Vaisali was one and the same, the masters of the Pataliputra-Vaisali region on the eve of the Kushana conquest were the Lichchhavis.
The masters of Vaisali and Videha now controlled the other side of the Ganges as well.
No tradition favours Kusharia control over Vidcha, nor any coins have been found and continued to be ruled by Lichchhavis.Hiuen Tsiang came to North Bihar in A. D. 637 and visited Vaisali, Svetapura and -the Vriji Country-Madhubani-Janakpur Area. His mention of Vriji as a sub-province of North Bihar- Tirabhukti-migration of the Vrijis to the Madhubani-Janakpur area duringg the period of the Kushana occupation of Vaisali (A.D. 80-140). The script current in the region of Videha, which was one of the madhrama janapadas of Jambudvipa in the opinion of the Lalitavistara was Brahma, one and the very first of the sixtyfour scripts listed in that book .Mithila, the ancient capital of Videha ceased to be the capital when Mahapadma Nanda occupied it. The legend Lichhvi found in the coins of Kumara¬devi-Chandragupta throws interesting light on the nature of the government of Vaisali-Videha. Kumaiadevi was the Lichvi princess of Vaisali married to Chandragupta I. The fact that on the reverse of the coins of Chandragupta I the Lichchhavis appears in the plural. Tira and Trrabhukti stand for the province of Tirabhukti- found on the Basarh seals of the Gupta period. Tirabhukti in its career had three capitals one after the other, Vai sali (A.D. 319-550), Svetapura (AD. 550-1097) and Simarama¬pattana (A.D. 1097-1324). The first two are in the Vaishali District while the last is in the Nepalese Terai. (opp. Ghorasahan Railway Station in East Champaran District of Bihar).
The bigger province of Tirabhuktia comes at A.D. 319.
c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
१६. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS
VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
the pre-Kushana period, c. 120 B.C.-A.D. 80, the period of Kushana domination in Bihar, A.D. 50-140, the post-Kushana period, A.D. 140-319.
In second-century B.c. Vaisali forts were constructed e.g. Lauriya-Nandangarh ,fort of Katragarh , Muzaffarpur in Sunga period. Garb area of Basarh , baked brick defence wall was built at the Garb. In the Sunga period the Abhishcka-Pushkarni at modern Kharauna, was surrounded by a wall. Terracotta unassociated with the Northern Black Polished Ware of the Sungas only Gupta period exceeds the number of seals, sealings and tokens.
Migration of Lichehhavi Supushpa of Pushpapura Pataliputra to Nepal-(Nepal Inscription.
Pataliputra King's Surrender to Kanishka of the Buddha's Alms Bowl -Chinese Tradition.
Chinese tradition –he demanded a large indemnity 9,00,000 pieces of gold, but agreed to accept Ashvaghosha, the Buddhist poet and dramatist , Buddha's alms bowl ,compassionate cock-aken away by Kanishka to Purushapura corrobo¬rated from a Sanskrit work of Kumaralata -Kalpanbman¬ditika. sovereign ruler of Patali¬putra and Vaisali was one and the same, the masters of the Pataliputra-Vaisali region on the eve of the Kushana conquest were the Lichchhavis.
The masters of Vaisali and Videha now controlled the other side of the Ganges as well.
No tradition favours Kusharia control over Vidcha, nor any coins have been found and continued to be ruled by Lichchhavis.Hiuen Tsiang came to North Bihar in A. D. 637 and visited Vaisali, Svetapura and -the Vriji Country-Madhubani-Janakpur Area. His mention of Vriji as a sub-province of North Bihar- Tirabhukti-migration of the Vrijis to the Madhubani-Janakpur area duringg the period of the Kushana occupation of Vaisali (A.D. 80-140). The script current in the region of Videha, which was one of the madhrama janapadas of Jambudvipa in the opinion of the Lalitavistara was Brahma, one and the very first of the sixtyfour scripts listed in that book .Mithila, the ancient capital of Videha ceased to be the capital when Mahapadma Nanda occupied it. The legend Lichhvi found in the coins of Kumara¬devi-Chandragupta throws interesting light on the nature of the government of Vaisali-Videha. Kumaiadevi was the Lichvi princess of Vaisali married to Chandragupta I. The fact that on the reverse of the coins of Chandragupta I the Lichchhavis appears in the plural. Tira and Trrabhukti stand for the province of Tirabhukti- found on the Basarh seals of the Gupta period. Tirabhukti in its career had three capitals one after the other, Vai sali (A.D. 319-550), Svetapura (AD. 550-1097) and Simarama¬pattana (A.D. 1097-1324). The first two are in the Vaishali District while the last is in the Nepalese Terai. (opp. Ghorasahan Railway Station in East Champaran District of Bihar).
The bigger province of Tirabhuktia comes at A.D. 319.
c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
विदेह १५ मई २००८ वर्ष १ मास ५ अंक १० १६. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
विदेह १५ मई २००८ वर्ष १ मास ५ अंक १०
१६. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS
VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
Uruvela Kassapa is said to have been, in a previous birth,, a king of Videha.
Mahavira spent no less than six rainy seasons at Mithila. Buddha did not spent any rainy season in Videha.
Ajlvika, Guna Kassapa , views like Maskarin Gosala lived in a deer park adjoining Mithila.
Videha had a long tradition of Brahmanical learning. Upanishadic philosophy and expensive sacrifices.
The conquest of Videha by Magadha was accomplished by Mahapadma Nanda, the founder of the Nanda dynasty, which possessed immense wealth and a huge army capable of frightening a formidable foreign invader like Alexander the Great (356 B.c.- 323 B.c.) in the reign of his son.s.
TIRABHUKTI CIRCA 347 B.C.-A.D. 319
Videha under the Magadhan empire was successively ruled by kings of three dynasties, the Nandas (347 b.c.-325 b.c.), the Mauryas (325 b.c.-188 b.c.) and the early Sungas (188 B.C.¬circa 120 b.c.). The Maithila king (i.e., the king of Mithila) had been defeated. By Nandas . Kautilya mentions a word Vaidehaka. `trader' or `merchant’ ,`product of a Vaishya male and a Brahmana female'. Panini knows the Vrijis only. By the time of Kautilya (last quarter of the fourth century B.c) there was a partition between the Lichchhavis Vrijis .
Pushyamitra Sunga (188 b.c.-152 b.c.), his contemporary the great grammarian Patanjali mentions Videha in his Mahahhashya .
Agnimitra, the son and successor of Pushyamitra, continu¬ed to rule over North Bihar including Videha, the discovery of a terracotta sealing (in grey colour, circu¬lar in area) in the Garh area of Basarh . Vaisali became indepen¬dent under the resurgent Lichchhavis; and soon they freed Videha too and governed it for themselves till the second Magadhan empire (Guptas).
c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
१६. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS
VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
Uruvela Kassapa is said to have been, in a previous birth,, a king of Videha.
Mahavira spent no less than six rainy seasons at Mithila. Buddha did not spent any rainy season in Videha.
Ajlvika, Guna Kassapa , views like Maskarin Gosala lived in a deer park adjoining Mithila.
Videha had a long tradition of Brahmanical learning. Upanishadic philosophy and expensive sacrifices.
The conquest of Videha by Magadha was accomplished by Mahapadma Nanda, the founder of the Nanda dynasty, which possessed immense wealth and a huge army capable of frightening a formidable foreign invader like Alexander the Great (356 B.c.- 323 B.c.) in the reign of his son.s.
TIRABHUKTI CIRCA 347 B.C.-A.D. 319
Videha under the Magadhan empire was successively ruled by kings of three dynasties, the Nandas (347 b.c.-325 b.c.), the Mauryas (325 b.c.-188 b.c.) and the early Sungas (188 B.C.¬circa 120 b.c.). The Maithila king (i.e., the king of Mithila) had been defeated. By Nandas . Kautilya mentions a word Vaidehaka. `trader' or `merchant’ ,`product of a Vaishya male and a Brahmana female'. Panini knows the Vrijis only. By the time of Kautilya (last quarter of the fourth century B.c) there was a partition between the Lichchhavis Vrijis .
Pushyamitra Sunga (188 b.c.-152 b.c.), his contemporary the great grammarian Patanjali mentions Videha in his Mahahhashya .
Agnimitra, the son and successor of Pushyamitra, continu¬ed to rule over North Bihar including Videha, the discovery of a terracotta sealing (in grey colour, circu¬lar in area) in the Garh area of Basarh . Vaisali became indepen¬dent under the resurgent Lichchhavis; and soon they freed Videha too and governed it for themselves till the second Magadhan empire (Guptas).
c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
विदेह 01 मई 2008 वर्ष 1 मास 5 अंक 917. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS
विदेह 01 मई 2008 वर्ष 1 मास 5 अंक 9
17. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS
a. VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
The period of Janaka dynasty and the Vajjian Republic are mutually exclusive. After the death of Karala Janaka it turned into a republic and became, one of the eight constituent clans of the Vajjian Confederacy , which was later destroyed by King Ajatasatru of Magadha.Videha continued to be a monarchy even after the death of Karala Janaka and this kingdom was conquered by Mahapadma Nanda and annexed to the growing Magadhan empire.Vrijis, or any two together might be called Vrijis, as well as Samvrijis or the "United Vrijis".The criminals were arraigned before the atllinkula "eight clans", a jury composed of one member from each of the separate divisions of the tribe.The name of SamVriji was a descriptive title of the whole nation of eight clans. Buddha observed that they were accustomed to hold frequent meet¬ings, to act in concert, and to uphold the ancient Vajji an institution.The ancient cities in this connection are Vaisali, Kesariya, Janakpur, Navadgarh, Siihrun, Darbhanga, Purnea and Motihari. besides Alakappo (somewhere in the neighbourhood of the Gandak) inhabited by the Balaya. It has nothing to do with the eight clans of the Vajjian Republic. The earliest champion of the republics which flourished at the time of the Buddha. were- the old Videhas, the Lichhavis, the Jnatrikas, the Vrijis proper, the Ugras, the Bhogas, the Aikshvakas and the Kauravas. The humorous remark of the Lalitavistara about the me mbers of the Licchavian Assembly and all being called raja is applicable to the Videhas.The Mahanarada-Kassapa .- the Videhas had a council of four.The Mahajanaka Jataka informs us that the senapati was to administer justice with the help of his chief judges.The Mahanarada Kassapa Jataka also informs us that the king was assisted in the administration of justice by a council. Brahmanic tradition of Videha having been a kingdom and the Buddhist tradition of its being a republic with a king, chosen by the assembly. Out of these seven officers only four appear to be the public officers, the raja, uparaja, senapati and bhandagarika, while the others were apparently the personal servants and attendants of the king.Pingala, was chosen to be the courtesan of the republic. According to the Gandhara Jataka, Videha had 16000 villages with filled storehouses, 16000 dancing girls. The existence of courtesans in a state cannot automatically make it a republican state.The Dipavamsa gives a legendary account of kings of some Indian States but it may contain some historical truth. It says that Kalara Janaka's son was Samarhkara who was followed by king Asoka, an inaugurated prince.The last of the kings of Champanagara was Nagadeva. Dipavamsa says that there were kings at Mithilanagara even after Kalara Janaka; twentyfive kings ruled at Mithilanagara, the last of them being valiant Buddhadatta, that the kingdom passed on to the master of Rajagriha -Palaliputra, i.e., Magadha.The Lalitavistara gives an interesting account of king Sumitra of the very charming city of Mithila. The king has a mighty army of elephants, horses, chariots and foot soldiers.He is rich in gold. The king is very old, unable to govern well his kingdom, and the parent of many children.Tibetan tradition says that a minister of King Virudhaka of Videha, named Sakala, was compelled to flee to Vaisali from his own country owing to the jealousy of the other ministers. The Gilgit Manuscripts where Khanda is the prime minister of an unnamed king of Videha . He was the head of 500 amatyas. Other ministers conspired to destroy him. "Where shall I go ? If I go to Sravasti, it is under a king, and so there would be the same troubles. So would be the case in Varanasi, Rajagriha and Champa which are all subject to the authority of one person (ekadhina). Vaisali is under a gana (ganadhina). What is desired by ten is disliked by twenty. So by all means I must go to Vaisali." Consequently he went to Vaisali where he was cor¬dially received by the republican Lichchhavis.
Between the compilation of the Puranas and the annihilation of Kshatriya states in India by Mahapadma Nanda there reigned among others 28 Maithilas ,i.e., 28 kings of Mithila. Thus Ajatasatru, who destroyed the Vajjian Republic, did not extirpate Mithila which continued to be a monarchy till the time of Mahapadma Nanda.
The king of Avanti, a contemporary of the Buddha, informs his wife in the course of a conversation regarding their daughter's marriage that he is connected with the rulers of Magadha, Kasi, Vanga, Surashtra, Mithila and Surasena. Buddhudatta
is indicated as the last king of Mithilanagara. Unlike Mahaviat Budha did not pass any rainy season at Mithila. The Majjhima Nikaya relate two visits of the Buddha to the Videha country.
Buddha stayed with Ananda at the Makhadeva-Ambavana and preached the Afakhadera Sutta. The other relates to the conversion of Brahmayu, a Brahmana, foremost in Mithila in his knowledge of the Vedas. He was aged 120 years. He met the Buddha when the latter had come to Mithila and taken his residence in the Makhadeva¬ Ambavana and having found thirtytwo marks of a great man in him he was converted along with his pupil Uttara to the new faith. He entertained the Buddha and the monks for a week. His death occurred not long after. The conversion of a Brahmana like Brahmayu, well versed in the Vedas, Itihasa (history), Vyakarana (grammar) and Lokayata and endowed with all the marks of a great man, must have had tremendous influence upon the fortune of Buddhism in Videha in the time of the Buddha.
Dhaniyaa or Dhanika, a herds¬man living on the bank of the river Mahi. Mithila was considered fit by the Buddhists to have been associated with some of the previous Buddhas as well. Thus it is stated that in the time of Kopagamana Buddha Mithila was the capital of king Pabbata and the Buddha preached there on his visit to the city.Padumuttara Buddha preached his first sermon to his cousins, Devala and Sujata, in the park of Mithila" and later to Ananda (a Khattiya king of Harh.savati and father of Padumuttara Buddha) and his retinue in the same spot."
17.b.
Jyoti Jha Chaudhary, Date of Birth: December 30 1978,Place of Birth- Belhvar (Madhubani District), Education: Swami Vivekananda Middle School, Tisco Sakchi Girls High School, Mrs KMPM Inter College, IGNOU, ICWAI (COST ACCOUNTANCY); Residence- LONDON, UK; Father- Sh. Shubhankar Jha, Jamshedpur; Mother- Smt. Sudha Jha- Shivipatti.
Jyoti received editor's choice award from www.poetry.com and her poems were featured in front page of www.poetrysoup.com for some period.
A Temple Beside The Pond
A temple beside the pond,
Surrounded with date trees;
And trees loaded with flowers,
Receiving cold cool breeze.
Coming across the acres of farmers land
From grove of mango trees,
To this holy peaceful place from home,
A narrow spiral way leads.
The pond itself adorned with lotuses,
Many water plants and weeds.
Halt for thirsty castles and tired villagers,
Pleasure of fishing and diving exceeds;
Fragrances of flowers and fireflies at night
Stand the place in good stead.
c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
महत्त्वपूर्ण सूचना:(1) विस्मृत कवि स्व. रामजी चौधरी (1878-1952)पर शोध-लेख विदेहक पहिल अँकमे ई-प्रकाशित भेल छल।तकर बाद हुनकर पुत्र श्री दुर्गानन्द चौधरी, ग्राम-रुद्रपुर,थाना-अंधरा-ठाढ़ी, जिला-मधुबनी कविजीक अप्रकाशित पाण्डुलिपि विदेह कार्यालयकेँ डाकसँ विदेहमे प्रकाशनार्थ पठओलन्हि अछि। ई गोट-पचासेक पद्य विदेहमे नवम अंकसँ धारावाहिक रूपेँ ई-प्रकाशित भ' रहल अछि।
महत्त्वपूर्ण सूचना:(2) 'विदेह' द्वारा कएल गेल शोधक आधार पर मैथिली-अंग्रेजी आऽ अंग्रेजी-मैथिली शब्द कोश (संपादक गजेन्द्र ठाकुर आऽ नागेन्द्र कुमार झा) प्रकाशित करबाओल जा' रहल अछि। प्रकाशकक, प्रकाशन तिथिक, पुस्तक-प्राप्तिक विधिक आऽ पोथीक मूल्यक सूचना एहि पृष्ठ पर शीघ्र देल जायत।
महत्त्वपूर्ण सूचना:(3) 'विदेह' द्वारा धारावाहिक रूपे ई-प्रकाशित कएल जा' रहल गजेन्द्र ठाकुरक 'सहस्रबाढ़नि'(उपन्यास), 'गल्प-गुच्छ'(कथा संग्रह) , 'भालसरि' (पद्य संग्रह), 'बालानां कृते', 'एकाङ्की संग्रह', 'महाभारत' 'बुद्ध चरित' (महाकाव्य)आऽ 'यात्रा वृत्तांत' विदेहमे संपूर्ण ई-प्रकाशनक बाद प्रिंट फॉर्ममे प्रकाशित होएत। प्रकाशकक, प्रकाशन तिथिक, पुस्तक-प्राप्तिक विधिक आऽ पोथीक मूल्यक सूचना एहि पृष्ठ पर शीघ्र देल जायत।
17. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS
a. VIDEHA MITHILA TIRBHUKTI TIRHUT---
The period of Janaka dynasty and the Vajjian Republic are mutually exclusive. After the death of Karala Janaka it turned into a republic and became, one of the eight constituent clans of the Vajjian Confederacy , which was later destroyed by King Ajatasatru of Magadha.Videha continued to be a monarchy even after the death of Karala Janaka and this kingdom was conquered by Mahapadma Nanda and annexed to the growing Magadhan empire.Vrijis, or any two together might be called Vrijis, as well as Samvrijis or the "United Vrijis".The criminals were arraigned before the atllinkula "eight clans", a jury composed of one member from each of the separate divisions of the tribe.The name of SamVriji was a descriptive title of the whole nation of eight clans. Buddha observed that they were accustomed to hold frequent meet¬ings, to act in concert, and to uphold the ancient Vajji an institution.The ancient cities in this connection are Vaisali, Kesariya, Janakpur, Navadgarh, Siihrun, Darbhanga, Purnea and Motihari. besides Alakappo (somewhere in the neighbourhood of the Gandak) inhabited by the Balaya. It has nothing to do with the eight clans of the Vajjian Republic. The earliest champion of the republics which flourished at the time of the Buddha. were- the old Videhas, the Lichhavis, the Jnatrikas, the Vrijis proper, the Ugras, the Bhogas, the Aikshvakas and the Kauravas. The humorous remark of the Lalitavistara about the me mbers of the Licchavian Assembly and all being called raja is applicable to the Videhas.The Mahanarada-Kassapa .- the Videhas had a council of four.The Mahajanaka Jataka informs us that the senapati was to administer justice with the help of his chief judges.The Mahanarada Kassapa Jataka also informs us that the king was assisted in the administration of justice by a council. Brahmanic tradition of Videha having been a kingdom and the Buddhist tradition of its being a republic with a king, chosen by the assembly. Out of these seven officers only four appear to be the public officers, the raja, uparaja, senapati and bhandagarika, while the others were apparently the personal servants and attendants of the king.Pingala, was chosen to be the courtesan of the republic. According to the Gandhara Jataka, Videha had 16000 villages with filled storehouses, 16000 dancing girls. The existence of courtesans in a state cannot automatically make it a republican state.The Dipavamsa gives a legendary account of kings of some Indian States but it may contain some historical truth. It says that Kalara Janaka's son was Samarhkara who was followed by king Asoka, an inaugurated prince.The last of the kings of Champanagara was Nagadeva. Dipavamsa says that there were kings at Mithilanagara even after Kalara Janaka; twentyfive kings ruled at Mithilanagara, the last of them being valiant Buddhadatta, that the kingdom passed on to the master of Rajagriha -Palaliputra, i.e., Magadha.The Lalitavistara gives an interesting account of king Sumitra of the very charming city of Mithila. The king has a mighty army of elephants, horses, chariots and foot soldiers.He is rich in gold. The king is very old, unable to govern well his kingdom, and the parent of many children.Tibetan tradition says that a minister of King Virudhaka of Videha, named Sakala, was compelled to flee to Vaisali from his own country owing to the jealousy of the other ministers. The Gilgit Manuscripts where Khanda is the prime minister of an unnamed king of Videha . He was the head of 500 amatyas. Other ministers conspired to destroy him. "Where shall I go ? If I go to Sravasti, it is under a king, and so there would be the same troubles. So would be the case in Varanasi, Rajagriha and Champa which are all subject to the authority of one person (ekadhina). Vaisali is under a gana (ganadhina). What is desired by ten is disliked by twenty. So by all means I must go to Vaisali." Consequently he went to Vaisali where he was cor¬dially received by the republican Lichchhavis.
Between the compilation of the Puranas and the annihilation of Kshatriya states in India by Mahapadma Nanda there reigned among others 28 Maithilas ,i.e., 28 kings of Mithila. Thus Ajatasatru, who destroyed the Vajjian Republic, did not extirpate Mithila which continued to be a monarchy till the time of Mahapadma Nanda.
The king of Avanti, a contemporary of the Buddha, informs his wife in the course of a conversation regarding their daughter's marriage that he is connected with the rulers of Magadha, Kasi, Vanga, Surashtra, Mithila and Surasena. Buddhudatta
is indicated as the last king of Mithilanagara. Unlike Mahaviat Budha did not pass any rainy season at Mithila. The Majjhima Nikaya relate two visits of the Buddha to the Videha country.
Buddha stayed with Ananda at the Makhadeva-Ambavana and preached the Afakhadera Sutta. The other relates to the conversion of Brahmayu, a Brahmana, foremost in Mithila in his knowledge of the Vedas. He was aged 120 years. He met the Buddha when the latter had come to Mithila and taken his residence in the Makhadeva¬ Ambavana and having found thirtytwo marks of a great man in him he was converted along with his pupil Uttara to the new faith. He entertained the Buddha and the monks for a week. His death occurred not long after. The conversion of a Brahmana like Brahmayu, well versed in the Vedas, Itihasa (history), Vyakarana (grammar) and Lokayata and endowed with all the marks of a great man, must have had tremendous influence upon the fortune of Buddhism in Videha in the time of the Buddha.
Dhaniyaa or Dhanika, a herds¬man living on the bank of the river Mahi. Mithila was considered fit by the Buddhists to have been associated with some of the previous Buddhas as well. Thus it is stated that in the time of Kopagamana Buddha Mithila was the capital of king Pabbata and the Buddha preached there on his visit to the city.Padumuttara Buddha preached his first sermon to his cousins, Devala and Sujata, in the park of Mithila" and later to Ananda (a Khattiya king of Harh.savati and father of Padumuttara Buddha) and his retinue in the same spot."
17.b.
Jyoti Jha Chaudhary, Date of Birth: December 30 1978,Place of Birth- Belhvar (Madhubani District), Education: Swami Vivekananda Middle School, Tisco Sakchi Girls High School, Mrs KMPM Inter College, IGNOU, ICWAI (COST ACCOUNTANCY); Residence- LONDON, UK; Father- Sh. Shubhankar Jha, Jamshedpur; Mother- Smt. Sudha Jha- Shivipatti.
Jyoti received editor's choice award from www.poetry.com and her poems were featured in front page of www.poetrysoup.com for some period.
A Temple Beside The Pond
A temple beside the pond,
Surrounded with date trees;
And trees loaded with flowers,
Receiving cold cool breeze.
Coming across the acres of farmers land
From grove of mango trees,
To this holy peaceful place from home,
A narrow spiral way leads.
The pond itself adorned with lotuses,
Many water plants and weeds.
Halt for thirsty castles and tired villagers,
Pleasure of fishing and diving exceeds;
Fragrances of flowers and fireflies at night
Stand the place in good stead.
c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
महत्त्वपूर्ण सूचना:(1) विस्मृत कवि स्व. रामजी चौधरी (1878-1952)पर शोध-लेख विदेहक पहिल अँकमे ई-प्रकाशित भेल छल।तकर बाद हुनकर पुत्र श्री दुर्गानन्द चौधरी, ग्राम-रुद्रपुर,थाना-अंधरा-ठाढ़ी, जिला-मधुबनी कविजीक अप्रकाशित पाण्डुलिपि विदेह कार्यालयकेँ डाकसँ विदेहमे प्रकाशनार्थ पठओलन्हि अछि। ई गोट-पचासेक पद्य विदेहमे नवम अंकसँ धारावाहिक रूपेँ ई-प्रकाशित भ' रहल अछि।
महत्त्वपूर्ण सूचना:(2) 'विदेह' द्वारा कएल गेल शोधक आधार पर मैथिली-अंग्रेजी आऽ अंग्रेजी-मैथिली शब्द कोश (संपादक गजेन्द्र ठाकुर आऽ नागेन्द्र कुमार झा) प्रकाशित करबाओल जा' रहल अछि। प्रकाशकक, प्रकाशन तिथिक, पुस्तक-प्राप्तिक विधिक आऽ पोथीक मूल्यक सूचना एहि पृष्ठ पर शीघ्र देल जायत।
महत्त्वपूर्ण सूचना:(3) 'विदेह' द्वारा धारावाहिक रूपे ई-प्रकाशित कएल जा' रहल गजेन्द्र ठाकुरक 'सहस्रबाढ़नि'(उपन्यास), 'गल्प-गुच्छ'(कथा संग्रह) , 'भालसरि' (पद्य संग्रह), 'बालानां कृते', 'एकाङ्की संग्रह', 'महाभारत' 'बुद्ध चरित' (महाकाव्य)आऽ 'यात्रा वृत्तांत' विदेहमे संपूर्ण ई-प्रकाशनक बाद प्रिंट फॉर्ममे प्रकाशित होएत। प्रकाशकक, प्रकाशन तिथिक, पुस्तक-प्राप्तिक विधिक आऽ पोथीक मूल्यक सूचना एहि पृष्ठ पर शीघ्र देल जायत।
विदेह 15 अप्रैल 2008 वर्ष 1 मास 4 अंक 816. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS VIDEHA,MITHILA,TIRBHUKTI,TIRHUT……
16. VIDEHA FOR NON RESIDENT MAITHILS
VIDEHA,MITHILA,TIRBHUKTI,TIRHUT……
Mahabharata mentions King of Videha as a very pious king engaged in dis¬cussing with the sage Vasistha on some philosophical doct¬rines. Nimi Jataka says that Kalara Janaka renounced the world and brought his line to an end. On the other hand Arthasastra and Buddha Charita give a different story. In the Arthasastra it is stated that Bhoja, known by the name of Dundakya, making a lascivious attempt on a Brahmana maiden, perished along with his kingdom and relations; so also Karala, the Vaideha. The Jayamangala commentary of Bhikshu Prabha¬mati on the same passage of the Arthasastra further explains that the king Karala Vaideha on his pilgrimage to Yogesvara, seeing the crowd with curiosity, glanced a young and beautiful wife of a Brahmana, and being struck with passion, he took her forcibly to the city. The Brahmana went to the city crying angrily "Why does that town not crack where such an evil soul resides ?" Consequently the earth cracked and the king perished in it along with his whole family. Buddha Charita of Asvaghoshaalso says ‘ Karala Janaka took away a Brahmana maiden and gained nothing but ruin; still he did not give up passion.The Mahabharata refers to the old story of a great battle between Pratardana, king of Kasi according to the Ramayana, and Janaka, king of Mithila. In the time of the great Janaka, Ajatashatru, king of Kasi, could hardly conceal his jealousy of the Videhan king's fame. The list of the kings of Videha of Mithila found in the Dipavamsa later on seems to refer to kings of Varanasi, having mentioned the first and last kings of the Videha . Ajatasatru of Kasi was a rival of Janaka Vaideha on a spiritual level. He wanted to give a thousand cows to the describer of Brahma and be called by the people as a Janaka.
The heroes of -Kasi and Videha were expert bowmen. Lichchhavis had some blood relationship with the royal family of the Kasi. It is,however, nowhere , Lichchhavis put an end to the royal line of Videha.Much amity was there between Videha and Kasi,particularly in the post Bharata War period. In the pre-Bharata war period also the kings of Kasi, Vaisali and Videha had fought against their common enemies, the Haihayas and the Nagas. The use of Kali cloth by the Brahmanas of Videha shows that brisk trade was going on between these two terri¬tories. At Takshasila, princes of both the kingdoms went for completing their higher education. Nami (Nimi II), king of Videha, accepted Jainism according to the Jaina tradition and accepted the religion propagated by Parsvanatha,formerly a prince of Kasi. The compound name Kasi-Videha occurs in the Kaushitaki-Upanishad. The Sankhayana Srauta¬Sutra mentions one Purohita as acting for the kings of Kosala, Kasi and Videha. Kasi people had a share in the overthrow of the Janaka dynasty.The centre of gravity in North Bihar shifts from Mithila to Vaisali. Ramayana refers to Siradhvaja Janaka's father going to the forest after giving the throne to his elder son.
There were frequent renunciations by the kings of Mithila. The most celebrated among the post-Bharata War kings of Videha was the ruler Janaka Vaideha, whose reign saw an unusual outburst of learning, sacrificial cult and intellectual activity. This attitude of non attachment is most prominently reflect¬ed in the famous royal utterances about the burning of Mithila. "My wealth is boundless, yet I have nothing. If the whole of Mithila were burnt to ashes, nothing of mine will be burnt.
There were ten kingly duties in Jatakas."Alms, morals, charity, justice, penitence, peace, mildness, mercy, meekness, patience."
Mahajanaka II was sixteen years oldwhen he had learned the three Vedas and all the sciences.A Videhan princess used to go to Takshsila for higher education and it was usual for the princess to get married after their return from Takshsila. If there were two princes, the elder became Uparaja and the younger was given the post of Senapati. After the death of the King elder ascended to the throne as a king and the younger was appointed Uparaja.
The palaces of Mithila has been magnificently described in literature.The king rode on chariot drawn by four milkwhite thorough¬breds when making circuit of the capital city.The Videhan king had a Samiti, helped in administration by the Uparaja, the Purohita, the Ministers, Senapati and the Chief Judges, there was a treasurer, cashier, keeper of the umbrella,sword-bearer, female-attendants, noblemen, policemen, chariot-driver and village-heads.The army was under the Senapati having fourfold divisions, the chariots, elephants, horse¬-men and footmen. The people of Videha and Kasi used bows and arrows against their enemies. Right conduct was the only way to bliss.A thousand Vedas will not bring safety. When Uddalaka put forth the character of a Brahmana as he apparently sees in real life,i.e., as one who rejects all worldly thoughts, takes the fire with him, sprinkles water, offers sacrifices and sets up the sacrificial post, his father replies in his own way. A principal landowner of Mithila, Alara by name, becoming an ascetic. Sivah, a queen of Mithila, also adopted the ascetic life of a rishi.
The father was the first teacher. Direct contact between the teacher and the taught was emphasised. The period required for study was generally twelve years. Brahmanas did not hesitate to receive instruction from Kshatriya princess. The Brahmin of Mithila town are shown as dressed in Kasi cloth. The story of Mahajanaka II going to Suvarnabhumi (Myanmar) for trade purposes and lost his ship.There was availability of beautiful stone pieces in the Gandak river which were much later worshipped as Salagrama (a form of Vishnu). Videh contained 16000 villages, 16000 store-houses and 16000 dancing girls.Mithila city has four gates and there existed four market-towns.
(c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
VIDEHA,MITHILA,TIRBHUKTI,TIRHUT……
Mahabharata mentions King of Videha as a very pious king engaged in dis¬cussing with the sage Vasistha on some philosophical doct¬rines. Nimi Jataka says that Kalara Janaka renounced the world and brought his line to an end. On the other hand Arthasastra and Buddha Charita give a different story. In the Arthasastra it is stated that Bhoja, known by the name of Dundakya, making a lascivious attempt on a Brahmana maiden, perished along with his kingdom and relations; so also Karala, the Vaideha. The Jayamangala commentary of Bhikshu Prabha¬mati on the same passage of the Arthasastra further explains that the king Karala Vaideha on his pilgrimage to Yogesvara, seeing the crowd with curiosity, glanced a young and beautiful wife of a Brahmana, and being struck with passion, he took her forcibly to the city. The Brahmana went to the city crying angrily "Why does that town not crack where such an evil soul resides ?" Consequently the earth cracked and the king perished in it along with his whole family. Buddha Charita of Asvaghoshaalso says ‘ Karala Janaka took away a Brahmana maiden and gained nothing but ruin; still he did not give up passion.The Mahabharata refers to the old story of a great battle between Pratardana, king of Kasi according to the Ramayana, and Janaka, king of Mithila. In the time of the great Janaka, Ajatashatru, king of Kasi, could hardly conceal his jealousy of the Videhan king's fame. The list of the kings of Videha of Mithila found in the Dipavamsa later on seems to refer to kings of Varanasi, having mentioned the first and last kings of the Videha . Ajatasatru of Kasi was a rival of Janaka Vaideha on a spiritual level. He wanted to give a thousand cows to the describer of Brahma and be called by the people as a Janaka.
The heroes of -Kasi and Videha were expert bowmen. Lichchhavis had some blood relationship with the royal family of the Kasi. It is,however, nowhere , Lichchhavis put an end to the royal line of Videha.Much amity was there between Videha and Kasi,particularly in the post Bharata War period. In the pre-Bharata war period also the kings of Kasi, Vaisali and Videha had fought against their common enemies, the Haihayas and the Nagas. The use of Kali cloth by the Brahmanas of Videha shows that brisk trade was going on between these two terri¬tories. At Takshasila, princes of both the kingdoms went for completing their higher education. Nami (Nimi II), king of Videha, accepted Jainism according to the Jaina tradition and accepted the religion propagated by Parsvanatha,formerly a prince of Kasi. The compound name Kasi-Videha occurs in the Kaushitaki-Upanishad. The Sankhayana Srauta¬Sutra mentions one Purohita as acting for the kings of Kosala, Kasi and Videha. Kasi people had a share in the overthrow of the Janaka dynasty.The centre of gravity in North Bihar shifts from Mithila to Vaisali. Ramayana refers to Siradhvaja Janaka's father going to the forest after giving the throne to his elder son.
There were frequent renunciations by the kings of Mithila. The most celebrated among the post-Bharata War kings of Videha was the ruler Janaka Vaideha, whose reign saw an unusual outburst of learning, sacrificial cult and intellectual activity. This attitude of non attachment is most prominently reflect¬ed in the famous royal utterances about the burning of Mithila. "My wealth is boundless, yet I have nothing. If the whole of Mithila were burnt to ashes, nothing of mine will be burnt.
There were ten kingly duties in Jatakas."Alms, morals, charity, justice, penitence, peace, mildness, mercy, meekness, patience."
Mahajanaka II was sixteen years oldwhen he had learned the three Vedas and all the sciences.A Videhan princess used to go to Takshsila for higher education and it was usual for the princess to get married after their return from Takshsila. If there were two princes, the elder became Uparaja and the younger was given the post of Senapati. After the death of the King elder ascended to the throne as a king and the younger was appointed Uparaja.
The palaces of Mithila has been magnificently described in literature.The king rode on chariot drawn by four milkwhite thorough¬breds when making circuit of the capital city.The Videhan king had a Samiti, helped in administration by the Uparaja, the Purohita, the Ministers, Senapati and the Chief Judges, there was a treasurer, cashier, keeper of the umbrella,sword-bearer, female-attendants, noblemen, policemen, chariot-driver and village-heads.The army was under the Senapati having fourfold divisions, the chariots, elephants, horse¬-men and footmen. The people of Videha and Kasi used bows and arrows against their enemies. Right conduct was the only way to bliss.A thousand Vedas will not bring safety. When Uddalaka put forth the character of a Brahmana as he apparently sees in real life,i.e., as one who rejects all worldly thoughts, takes the fire with him, sprinkles water, offers sacrifices and sets up the sacrificial post, his father replies in his own way. A principal landowner of Mithila, Alara by name, becoming an ascetic. Sivah, a queen of Mithila, also adopted the ascetic life of a rishi.
The father was the first teacher. Direct contact between the teacher and the taught was emphasised. The period required for study was generally twelve years. Brahmanas did not hesitate to receive instruction from Kshatriya princess. The Brahmin of Mithila town are shown as dressed in Kasi cloth. The story of Mahajanaka II going to Suvarnabhumi (Myanmar) for trade purposes and lost his ship.There was availability of beautiful stone pieces in the Gandak river which were much later worshipped as Salagrama (a form of Vishnu). Videh contained 16000 villages, 16000 store-houses and 16000 dancing girls.Mithila city has four gates and there existed four market-towns.
(c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
Saturday, July 26, 2008
विदेह 01 अप्रैल 2008 वर्ष 1 मास 4 अंक 7 11. मिथिला आ’ संस्कृत( सर्वतंत्रस्वतंत्र बच्चा झाक जीवनी-दोसर भाग)
11. मिथिला आ’ संस्कृत( सर्वतंत्रस्वतंत्र बच्चा झाक जीवनी-दोसर भाग)
सर्वतंत्र स्वतंत्र श्री धर्मदत्त झा(बच्चा झा) (1860 ई.-1918 ई.)
महाराज लक्ष्मीश्वर सिंहक सिंहासनारोहणक बहुत दिन बाद धरि धौत परीक्षा नहि भेल छल। ई परीक्षा दरभंगा राजक संस्थापक श्री महेश ठाकुर द्वारा प्रारम्भ कएल गेल छल आ’ एहिमे मौखिक परीक्षा द्वारा श्रेष्ठ पंडितक चयन कएल जाइत छल। महाराज रमेश्वर सिंह एकर आयोजन करबओलन्हि आ’ श्री गंगानाथ झाकेँ एकर दायित्व देल गेल। श्री गंगानाथ झा परीक्षार्थीक रूपमे सेहो आवेदन कएने छलाह। महाराज परेक्षाक हेतु लिखित पद्धतिक आदेश देने छलाह। प्रश्निक नियुक्त्त भेलाह श्री बच्चा झा आ’ श्री शिव कुमार मिश्र। ई दुनू गोटे क्लिष्ट प्राश्निक आ’ कृपण परीक्षक मानल जाइत छलाह। मुदा ताहि पर श्री गंगानाथ झाकेँ 200 मे 197 अंक भेटलन्हि। महाराज पुरान परम्पराक अनुसार हिनका धोती तँ देलखिन्ह, मुदा नवीन पद्धतिक अनुसार दुशाला नहि देलखिन्ह, कारण संस्कृतक विद्वान् होयतहुँ श्री गंगानाथ झाक झुकाव अंग्रेजी दिशि छल। श्री बच्चा झा प्रकाण्ड पण्डित छलाह। महाराष्ट्र आ’ काशीक पण्डितक प्रसंगमे ओ’ कहैत छलाह जे शब्द खण्डक प्रसंगमे ओ’ सभ किछु नहि जनैत छलाह। ओहि समयमे महामहोपाध्याय दामोदर शास्त्री काशीक एकटा प्रसिद्ध वैयाकरण छलाह। विद्वान लोकनिक सुझाव पर दरभंगा महाराज गुरुधाममे एकटा पंडित सभाक आयोजन कएलन्हि। एहिमे हथुआ महाराज विशिष्ट अतिथि छलाह। काशीक सभ प्रमुख विद्वान एहिमे उपस्थित छलाह। प्रतियोगी छलाह पं.बच्चा झा आ’ म.म. दामोदर शास्त्री भरद्वाज। निर्णायक छलाह पं.कैलाश शिरोमणि भट्टाचार्या आ’ म.म.पं शिव कुमार मिश्र। एकटा सरल समस्यासँ शास्त्रार्थ प्रारम्भ भेल। एकर नैय्यायिक पक्ष लेलन्हि बच्चा झा आ’ व्याकरण पक्ष पंदामोदर शास्त्री।
दामोदर शास्त्री अपन जवाब अत्यंत सरल शब्दमे वैयाकरणिक आधार पर द’ देलन्हि। आब बच्चा झाक बेर आयल। बच्चा झा गहन परिष्कार प्रारम्भ कएलन्हि। विद्वान लोकनिमे विवाद भेलन्हि जे हुनकर प्रश्न प्रासंगिक छन्हि वा नहि। निर्णायक लोकनि एकरा प्रासंगिक मानलन्हि। जौँ-जौँ बच्चा झा आगू बढ़ैत गेलाह हुनकर उत्तर दामोदर शास्त्री आ’ निर्णायक लोकनिक हेतु अबोधगम्य होइत गेलन्हि। मध्य रात्रि तक ई चलल। अन्ततः अनिर्णीत राखि कए सभा विसर्जित भेल।
(c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
(c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
विदेह 01 अप्रैल 2008 वर्ष 1 मास 4 अंक 7 14. प्रवासी मैथिल English मे अ. VN Jha केर DO WE REALLY EXIST AS NATION आ.VIDEHA,Mithila,Tirbhukti, Tirh
14. प्रवासी मैथिल English मे
अ. VN Jha केर DO WE REALLY EXIST AS NATION
आ.VIDEHA,Mithila,Tirbhukti, Tirhut…(आँगा)
अ. VN Jha केर Globalization- Is it a boon or a curse for the Maithils?
By Vivekanand Jha
Globalization- Is it a boon or a curse for the Maithils?
Globalization from intellectual perspective, simply connotes unleashing the western curses on India and simultaneously taking away the oriental virtues into the occidental world. Lamentably, hitherto, the western contagious disease of kissing the spouse at night and bidding good bye in the morning for ever, alas, has come to symbolize the status symbol of Indian aristocrats, even infiltrating the Maithils who remained, by and large, immune from this curse till before the advent of the so called the globalization of the world.
The western world, in its utter wisdom, has never been short of inventing the lollypops for the lesser sons/daughters of the God – Orientals who invariably needed these lollypops for their survival. After India attained independence, she found herself being pushed to the soviet block, for the world at that time was bi-polar and India found the socialistic block of Soviet Union catering to its newly invented socialistic aspirations in contrast to capitalistic ideology propagated by the USA. However, Gorbachev presided over the funeral of the Soviet Union and thereby heralded the arrival of uni-polar world with a the lone superpower USA at the helm of the world’s affairs. USA policy makers had to have some thing innovatively unique to make a quick inroad into the countries which, presumably it perceived, were opposed to its hegemonistic world policy. Thus, came the mantra, a newly coined ‘phrase’ on the world horizon – globalization of the world – cutting across the countries and other men made barriers. USA and other western countries, riding on the wave of its strategically devised concept created a frenzy in the third world countries which, falling invariably prey as it always did to this western disseminated opium, gullibly begun to believe that indeed the world has become one. In the name and banner of globalization, the USA and its crony western countries began terrorizing the third world countries to liberalize their economy or face a virtual isolation. The poor third world countries including India, had no option but to toe the western line and India opened its economy to its world. Was India adequately prepared for liberalization of its economy way back in 1991 is a debatable issue, but India in general and Maithils in particulars gained and lost in the wake of globalization can be summed up as below:
1. To start with the gains, India benefited from the large FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) inflows which could be productively invested in the economy resulting n the higher growth of GDP (Gross Domestic Product).
2. Indian IT sector experienced an unprecedented boom resulting in India’s domination in the software industries. The nation as of today, can boast of having the vast pool of its IT software experts in the country. The rise of Infosys, Satyam, Wipro, TCS etc. are the glowing tributes to the globalization of the Indian economy.
3. The outsourcing of jobs fro m USA and pother western countries especially in BPO, KPO, LPO etc. has absorbed our vast labor force and has immensely contributed to the growth of the service industries. However, only handful of Maithil youth have found their way into the BPO, KPO, LPO and the call centers for their gainful employment.
4. Nations economy has been consistently by growing by 9% which is undoubtedly a laudable achievement. However, how far this much touted and trumpeted economic growth has alleviated the cause of poverty itself remains a big question.
Now comes the losses:
1. Much vaunted FDI flow into Indian economy has utterly failed to do justice to the majority of Indian people. Mithilasthan (comprising of the districts like Darbhanga, Madhubani, Sitamarhi, Bettiah, Samasthipur, Muzzafarpur, Begusarai, Motihari, Kathiar, etc.) are yet to get even a penny of investments from the large pool of FDI which purportedly has come into India.
2. Boom in IT sector, albeit resulted in proving jobs to the educated Maithil youth, but the percentage of such youth is not even 1% of the total Maithil population. What the IT boom means to the vast 90% of our landless labor who still continue to run from pillar to post in search of their livelihood.
3. The outsourcing may have provided succor to the youth of other parts of the country, Maithils on accounts of lack of opportunities for English education, could not extract the amount of benefits which their counter parts from other parts of the country beneficially did. The apathetic attitude of the Bihar government to the vast area of the Mithilasthan which, thus far has remained bereft of any meaningful educational institution, is the solitary cause for the lack of adequate English education.
4. Nation’s economy might be consistently rising by 9% (approx.) but what about Maithils and their place? India may be trumpeting its economic achievement to the world, but its own constituent like Maithils are still stuck in abject poverty. Maithils seek an explanation from the government of India and Bihar, as to why no part of FDI was channelized towards the growth and development of its place? Are the Maithils only meant for leading of life of migratory birds who keep on searching from one place to another for the source of their livelihood? Do the Maithils have no right in the share of nation’s FDI inflows and in nation’s economic growth? Regrettably, the power – that – be is deliberately sowing a seed of dissension and rebellion in the nation’s polity by canalizing the vast allocation of the funds to the different parts of the country, while keeping Mithila and Maithils neglected forever.
However, the biggest curse of globalization is the most pernicious western contagious disease afflicting the nation – even the Maithils who, by and large, were perceived to be immune from it, now seem to be engulfed by it – is the rampant divorce resulting in the breakup of the families. The virus of separation and divorce which, almost engulfed the western society, has now spread within India like a plague. The western attitude of kissing the spouse at night and bidding him/her good bye for ever in the early next morning has made a deep in road into the Indian society including the Maithils. Maithil youth, exuding false pride in western education and getting alienated from their cultural roots, invariably fall prey to this western curse by bringing their sacred marital relationship to an indecisive end. They forget the famous Maithil maxim “Marriage is a second birth to the couple”. If the marriages are broken in a single fit of rage, what will happen to the society and to the nation? In Bhagvat Gita Arjuna says “If the war happens, men get killed and vast number of women left behind become corrupt. Because of women’s corruption, varanshankra’s (bastards) are born, and because of varnshankra the society and ultimately the nation become corrupts and loses its national character”.
Globalization in that sense is like a war which corrupts those who are overwhelmed by its forces, become its greatest victim. Like Mahabharta globalization is also a war which is to be fought in a detached manner without ending up as its victims.
Jai Hind.
Jai Hind.
आ.VIDEHA,Mithila,Tirbhukti, Tirhut…(आँगा)
Yaska criticises the Pada Patha of Sakalya and there was contest between Yajnavalkya and Vidagdha Sakalya, at the court of Janaka.The Chhandogya Upanishad and the Satapatha Brahmana narrate a story in which five great householders approach a senior teacher and then these six decide to go to Asvapati Kaikeya to learn about Vaisvanara.
Svaidayana Saunaka defeated Uddalaka Aruni. Aruni became his pupil.In the ethnographic section of the Indian Museum at Amsterdam there is a Balinese painting on a strip of linen, depicting the famous Mahabharata story of Dhaumya and Uddalaka Aruni.Svetlketu was the son of Uddalaka Aruni .He was a Gautama.The failures on the part of Svetaketu, led to his the position of the Purohita of Kasi, Kosala and Videha offered to Jala Jatukarnya and not to the son of Aruni¬.Svetaketu was expert,however,on matters of the duty the seventeenth priest. Yajnavalkya was a great scholar and exponent of Brahma¬vidya in the time of Janaka Vaideha. He was a pupil of Uddalaka Aruni.A large banyan tree at Jogban near the Kamtaul Station of N.E. Railway in Darbhanga district is adored as his hermitage. Shukla Yajurveda of Yajnavalkya is the great landmark between the post Vedic and the neo Vedic and later ages. Satyakama Jabala was the son of a slave girl by an unknown father. He was initiated as a Brahmacharin by Gautama Haridrumata. Gargi Vachaknavi was a rival of Yajnavalkya and took part in the contest at the court of Janaka Vaideha.Maitreyi was one of the two wives of Yajnavalkya and insisted on learning the secret of immortality.The last two kings of the Janaka dynasty of Videha were Nimi II and Karala Janaka as per the Jatakas.Nimi II is said to have united his scattered family. The Mahabharata knows one Nimi Vaideha gave his kingdom to the Brahmanas. Karala Janaka was the son of Nimi II,having long projecting teeth. The Nimi Jataka says thatNimi's son Kalara Janaka brought his line to an end. Arthashastra of Kautilya mentions that Karala Vaideha perished along with his kingdom and relations for an attempt on a Brahmana maiden.
सिद्धिरस्तु
c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
अ. VN Jha केर DO WE REALLY EXIST AS NATION
आ.VIDEHA,Mithila,Tirbhukti, Tirhut…(आँगा)
अ. VN Jha केर Globalization- Is it a boon or a curse for the Maithils?
By Vivekanand Jha
Globalization- Is it a boon or a curse for the Maithils?
Globalization from intellectual perspective, simply connotes unleashing the western curses on India and simultaneously taking away the oriental virtues into the occidental world. Lamentably, hitherto, the western contagious disease of kissing the spouse at night and bidding good bye in the morning for ever, alas, has come to symbolize the status symbol of Indian aristocrats, even infiltrating the Maithils who remained, by and large, immune from this curse till before the advent of the so called the globalization of the world.
The western world, in its utter wisdom, has never been short of inventing the lollypops for the lesser sons/daughters of the God – Orientals who invariably needed these lollypops for their survival. After India attained independence, she found herself being pushed to the soviet block, for the world at that time was bi-polar and India found the socialistic block of Soviet Union catering to its newly invented socialistic aspirations in contrast to capitalistic ideology propagated by the USA. However, Gorbachev presided over the funeral of the Soviet Union and thereby heralded the arrival of uni-polar world with a the lone superpower USA at the helm of the world’s affairs. USA policy makers had to have some thing innovatively unique to make a quick inroad into the countries which, presumably it perceived, were opposed to its hegemonistic world policy. Thus, came the mantra, a newly coined ‘phrase’ on the world horizon – globalization of the world – cutting across the countries and other men made barriers. USA and other western countries, riding on the wave of its strategically devised concept created a frenzy in the third world countries which, falling invariably prey as it always did to this western disseminated opium, gullibly begun to believe that indeed the world has become one. In the name and banner of globalization, the USA and its crony western countries began terrorizing the third world countries to liberalize their economy or face a virtual isolation. The poor third world countries including India, had no option but to toe the western line and India opened its economy to its world. Was India adequately prepared for liberalization of its economy way back in 1991 is a debatable issue, but India in general and Maithils in particulars gained and lost in the wake of globalization can be summed up as below:
1. To start with the gains, India benefited from the large FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) inflows which could be productively invested in the economy resulting n the higher growth of GDP (Gross Domestic Product).
2. Indian IT sector experienced an unprecedented boom resulting in India’s domination in the software industries. The nation as of today, can boast of having the vast pool of its IT software experts in the country. The rise of Infosys, Satyam, Wipro, TCS etc. are the glowing tributes to the globalization of the Indian economy.
3. The outsourcing of jobs fro m USA and pother western countries especially in BPO, KPO, LPO etc. has absorbed our vast labor force and has immensely contributed to the growth of the service industries. However, only handful of Maithil youth have found their way into the BPO, KPO, LPO and the call centers for their gainful employment.
4. Nations economy has been consistently by growing by 9% which is undoubtedly a laudable achievement. However, how far this much touted and trumpeted economic growth has alleviated the cause of poverty itself remains a big question.
Now comes the losses:
1. Much vaunted FDI flow into Indian economy has utterly failed to do justice to the majority of Indian people. Mithilasthan (comprising of the districts like Darbhanga, Madhubani, Sitamarhi, Bettiah, Samasthipur, Muzzafarpur, Begusarai, Motihari, Kathiar, etc.) are yet to get even a penny of investments from the large pool of FDI which purportedly has come into India.
2. Boom in IT sector, albeit resulted in proving jobs to the educated Maithil youth, but the percentage of such youth is not even 1% of the total Maithil population. What the IT boom means to the vast 90% of our landless labor who still continue to run from pillar to post in search of their livelihood.
3. The outsourcing may have provided succor to the youth of other parts of the country, Maithils on accounts of lack of opportunities for English education, could not extract the amount of benefits which their counter parts from other parts of the country beneficially did. The apathetic attitude of the Bihar government to the vast area of the Mithilasthan which, thus far has remained bereft of any meaningful educational institution, is the solitary cause for the lack of adequate English education.
4. Nation’s economy might be consistently rising by 9% (approx.) but what about Maithils and their place? India may be trumpeting its economic achievement to the world, but its own constituent like Maithils are still stuck in abject poverty. Maithils seek an explanation from the government of India and Bihar, as to why no part of FDI was channelized towards the growth and development of its place? Are the Maithils only meant for leading of life of migratory birds who keep on searching from one place to another for the source of their livelihood? Do the Maithils have no right in the share of nation’s FDI inflows and in nation’s economic growth? Regrettably, the power – that – be is deliberately sowing a seed of dissension and rebellion in the nation’s polity by canalizing the vast allocation of the funds to the different parts of the country, while keeping Mithila and Maithils neglected forever.
However, the biggest curse of globalization is the most pernicious western contagious disease afflicting the nation – even the Maithils who, by and large, were perceived to be immune from it, now seem to be engulfed by it – is the rampant divorce resulting in the breakup of the families. The virus of separation and divorce which, almost engulfed the western society, has now spread within India like a plague. The western attitude of kissing the spouse at night and bidding him/her good bye for ever in the early next morning has made a deep in road into the Indian society including the Maithils. Maithil youth, exuding false pride in western education and getting alienated from their cultural roots, invariably fall prey to this western curse by bringing their sacred marital relationship to an indecisive end. They forget the famous Maithil maxim “Marriage is a second birth to the couple”. If the marriages are broken in a single fit of rage, what will happen to the society and to the nation? In Bhagvat Gita Arjuna says “If the war happens, men get killed and vast number of women left behind become corrupt. Because of women’s corruption, varanshankra’s (bastards) are born, and because of varnshankra the society and ultimately the nation become corrupts and loses its national character”.
Globalization in that sense is like a war which corrupts those who are overwhelmed by its forces, become its greatest victim. Like Mahabharta globalization is also a war which is to be fought in a detached manner without ending up as its victims.
Jai Hind.
Jai Hind.
आ.VIDEHA,Mithila,Tirbhukti, Tirhut…(आँगा)
Yaska criticises the Pada Patha of Sakalya and there was contest between Yajnavalkya and Vidagdha Sakalya, at the court of Janaka.The Chhandogya Upanishad and the Satapatha Brahmana narrate a story in which five great householders approach a senior teacher and then these six decide to go to Asvapati Kaikeya to learn about Vaisvanara.
Svaidayana Saunaka defeated Uddalaka Aruni. Aruni became his pupil.In the ethnographic section of the Indian Museum at Amsterdam there is a Balinese painting on a strip of linen, depicting the famous Mahabharata story of Dhaumya and Uddalaka Aruni.Svetlketu was the son of Uddalaka Aruni .He was a Gautama.The failures on the part of Svetaketu, led to his the position of the Purohita of Kasi, Kosala and Videha offered to Jala Jatukarnya and not to the son of Aruni¬.Svetaketu was expert,however,on matters of the duty the seventeenth priest. Yajnavalkya was a great scholar and exponent of Brahma¬vidya in the time of Janaka Vaideha. He was a pupil of Uddalaka Aruni.A large banyan tree at Jogban near the Kamtaul Station of N.E. Railway in Darbhanga district is adored as his hermitage. Shukla Yajurveda of Yajnavalkya is the great landmark between the post Vedic and the neo Vedic and later ages. Satyakama Jabala was the son of a slave girl by an unknown father. He was initiated as a Brahmacharin by Gautama Haridrumata. Gargi Vachaknavi was a rival of Yajnavalkya and took part in the contest at the court of Janaka Vaideha.Maitreyi was one of the two wives of Yajnavalkya and insisted on learning the secret of immortality.The last two kings of the Janaka dynasty of Videha were Nimi II and Karala Janaka as per the Jatakas.Nimi II is said to have united his scattered family. The Mahabharata knows one Nimi Vaideha gave his kingdom to the Brahmanas. Karala Janaka was the son of Nimi II,having long projecting teeth. The Nimi Jataka says thatNimi's son Kalara Janaka brought his line to an end. Arthashastra of Kautilya mentions that Karala Vaideha perished along with his kingdom and relations for an attempt on a Brahmana maiden.
सिद्धिरस्तु
c)२००८. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ’ जतय लेखकक नाम नहि अछि ततय संपादकाधीन।
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
Friday, July 25, 2008
विदेह 15 मार्च 2008 वर्ष 1मास 3 अंक 6 14. प्रवासी मैथिल English मेअ. VN Jha केर DO WE REALLY EXIST AS NATION आ.VIDEHA,Mithila,Tirbhukti, Tirhut…(आँगा)
14. प्रवासी मैथिल English मे
अ. VN Jha केर DO WE REALLY EXIST AS NATION
आ.VIDEHA,Mithila,Tirbhukti, Tirhut…(आँगा)
अ. VN Jha केर DO WE REALLY EXIST AS NATION
By Vivekanand Jha
Does India really exist as a nation?
Raj Thackrey‘s North Indian bashing has unleashed the biggest intellectual debate ever: “Does India really exist” if so, - where? If Mumbai is for Maharastrains, Delhi is for Punjabis, Kolkata is for Bengalis and Chennai is for Madarisis, than what is left for the Indians to claim?
Nation has just ended up its commemoration of 59th of its Republic Day anniversary with a lot of hype and hoopla. After all, it is newly invented confident nation, marching ahead in this radically changed globalised world. The cause of celebration assumed even greater significance in the backdrop of a radical change in the global perception of India as a booming economy with ever increasing malls, BPOs and software revolution and on top of it all: its vast pool of English educated manpower (a doubtless cause of envy for other lesser developed world economies). The evidence of India’s growing strength and recognition was adequately vindicated by the conspicuous gracing of the occasion by the French President Sarkozy. How the world perception of India being a nation of snake charmers and half-naked fakirs metamorphosed into that of a growing world power reasserting its authority to claim its rightful and legitimate place in the world affairs, within a decade or two, is itself a glowing tribute to the millions of middle-class youth who wanted to give India its long over due place in the committee of nations? But all these much trumpeted Indian achievements aside, the biggest question that current Raj Thackeray episode has unfolded is: Which India we talk about, the India that exist buried in the history and the pages of our constitution or the India that erupts in the cricketing ground in the midst of cricketing frenzy, or in the wake of Kargil war, or India which becomes the lofty terms for the politicians to whip the nation sentiments, or the India that lay buried with the corpses of all our freedom fighters who dreamed the concept of a nation-state?
How the nation with such tremendous amount of diversity could exist for more than five decades is itself a miracle for Westerners who prophesied that a nation-state like India with multiple inherent contradictions would collapse under its own heavy weight sooner than later? But still India survives at least in the eyes of the outsiders. But where does India exist for those residing within, once again brings to the fore the most burning issue which politicians of national status prefer to avoid or at best duck: Where does India exist and who are the Indians?
The biggest irony of the whole the episode is the inscrutable and enigmatic silence of our so called nation parties – Congress and the BJP which preferred to remain incommunicado when defining India ought to have been there prerogative. Where and to whom these poor creatures of BIMARU (Cow-belt Regions) would go to seek a direct answer as to what India is and where does it exist? They further ask that gala celebration 59th of its Republic anniversary glorifying India and the Indians meant for whom?
Do these innocent people from cow-belt regions, especially from Bihar and UP, having no sources of bread and butter in their home states, need to apply for the visas and work permits for working in the metropolises from M/s Thackeray and company, if so, where does the government of India exist? If the writ of the M/s Thackeray and company over rides that of government of India’s enforcement of rule of law, the immediate question mark is raised on the status and the ability of the government to govern.
The mood conclusive point all these argument is that the concept of Indian nation-state has been hurriedly conceived to claim independence from the foreign imperialistic rule and the truth is that India never existed as a nation-state in the past, neither does it exist at present and nor will it ever exist in the future. The loosely structured concept of nationhood as that of India which at best exist in the constitution, celebration of India’s victory in a cricketing ground or in the midst of Kargil frenzy and India’s resultant victory, cannot co-relate with a life of day-to-day struggle for the millions of North-Indians who lead a life of virtual refugees in their own country (The sobriquet of ‘Bihari denoting the inferior status is given to the toiling millions of people from North-India). Who will provide solace or reassurance to these struggling mass that India is not a product of cricketing frenzy and Kargil war drumbeats, but a day to day reality where they have every right to free movement within the sovereignty of India and no visa followed by the working permits are required from the THUGS like Thackeray and company?
Will the answer come from the prime minister – designate of BJP Mr. Advani who, in his grand endeavor to catapult BJP to power, invented Lord Rama as a unifying factor for the nation (tragically Kuranidhi has in his recent controversial outburst dubbed Lord Rama as North-Indian God) or whether Madam (Mrs.) Sonia Gandhi will provide answer to the millions of aggrieved North-Indians? But alias, nothing inspires our politicians more than political expediency and as such, Mr. Advani is compelled by his own coalition partner running amok and Madam (Mrs.) Sonia Gandhi remaining incommunicado because of the vote bank politics.
The crux of the whole issue boils down to this: if the nation’s destiny setter remains aloof from the biggest crisis engulfing the nation – its identity crisis – who will bail the nation from its biggest predicament engulfing it? In the past, we pooh-poohed Pakistan for being the most fragile nation surviving on anti-India stand, what about us Indians who survive on cricket and Kargil for our existence as a nation? At least, Pakistan has one unifying identity – Islam – but lamentably we have none. No doubt Raj Thackeray may be arrested and situation may calm down, but the Pandora Box that he has unleashed will have much wider ramifications for the future India. Raj Thackeray’s North-Indian bashing has opened up an unprecedented debate – “Does India really exist”, if so, - where? If Mumbai is for Maharastrains, Delhi is for Punjabis, Kolkata is for Bengalis and Chennai is for Madarisis, than what is left for the Indians to claim?
Jai Hind.
आ.VIDEHA,Mithila,Tirbhukti, Tirhut…(आँगा)
The accounts of Janaka Vaideha in the Vedic texts mention kingdoms and tribes of the northern, middle and eastern regions of India, e.g., Gandhara, Kekaya, Madra, Kuru, Panchala, Kasi and Videha. Kaushitiki -Upanishad furnishes list of states that existed in the time of Gargya Balaki, a contemporary of Ajatshaatru of Kasi and Janaka of Videha, the Usinaras, the Matsyas, the Kurus and the Panchalas.The Aitareya-Brahmana, mentions types of government. Sankhayana-Srauta-Sutra says that the Kasi, Kosala and Videha kingdoms had a common Purohita, Jala Jatukarna, a contemporary of Uddalaka Aruni and Svetaketu Aruneya. So Gandhara,Kekaya, Madra, Uginara, Vatsa, Malaya, Kuru, Panchala, Kasi, Videha, Kosala and Satvat were existant. The Puran-Jataka list has the following states-Vatsa, Kuru, Panchala, Kasi, Videha, Kosala, Surasena, Magadha, Avanti, Mahishmati, Mamaka, Kalinga and Anga. The number of states occurring in the time of Janaka Vaideha comes to eighteen. There were other states also in Janaka's time.Gandhara region was famous for learning, Uddalaka Aruni of the Kuru-Panchala toured it,it is supported by the Jatakas(journeyed to Takshasila). The Svetaketu Jataks sys that son of Uddalaka called Svetaketu also travelled to to Taxila and
learned all the arts.Asvapati of Kekaya was one of the four great rulers of the time, the three others being Javali of Panchala, Ajatasatru of Kasi and Janaka of Videha. He instructed a number of Brahhmanas.Madra was the home of many famous scholars and teachers. Gargya Balaki, lived for some time in the Usinara country .Gargya Balaki lived for some time among the Vatsas also. Gargya Balaki dwelt among the Matsyas and Kuru also.The Brahmanas of the Kuru-Panchala country gathered at the sacrifice of Janaka Vaideha.
Ushasti Chakrayana visited the sacrificial place of a king or chief (presumably in Kuru-land where he had been living) and pointed out certain deficiencies in the sacrifice there.
The Kuru-Panchala Brahmanas took part in the intellectual contest at the court of Videha.
Ajatasatru is represented as being jealous of Janaka's fame as a patron of Brahmanical sages and learning. Kosala was father¬land of Janaka's Hotri priest Asvala.
Janaka was a real lover of learning was anxious to acquire knowledge about Brahma and besides Yajnavalkya, he learnt from ( as per Brihadaranyaka¬ Upanishad) Jitvan Salini, Udarika Saulbayana , Barku Varshna ,Gardabh Bhradvaja , Satyakama Jabala and Vidagdha Sakalya.Vaideha instituted a sacrifice at which many presents were to he distributed. He enclosed a thousand cows., to the horns of each ten padas (of gold) were bound.Yajnavalkya drove away the thousand cows meant for the most learned Brahmana, was challenged by other Brahmana scholars, viz., Asvala, Jatkarana Artabhaga, Bhujyu Lahyayani, Ushasta Chakrayana, Kaushitakeya, Gargi Vachaknavi, Uddalaka Aruni and Vidagdha Sakalya. Asvala was appointed the Hotri priest of Janaka Vaideha and was the first to challenge Yajnavalkya ,received suitable. Ushashti Chakrayan was a very poor man and lived among the Kurus in the village of a rich man with his wife Atiki. He was not greedy. Kahoda-According to him the cap of the plants (e,g., barley and rice) offered as first-fruits at the commencement of the harvest truly belonged to those two, heaven and earth, and that it might be eaten after having been offered to the gods.
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
सिद्धिरस्तु
अ. VN Jha केर DO WE REALLY EXIST AS NATION
आ.VIDEHA,Mithila,Tirbhukti, Tirhut…(आँगा)
अ. VN Jha केर DO WE REALLY EXIST AS NATION
By Vivekanand Jha
Does India really exist as a nation?
Raj Thackrey‘s North Indian bashing has unleashed the biggest intellectual debate ever: “Does India really exist” if so, - where? If Mumbai is for Maharastrains, Delhi is for Punjabis, Kolkata is for Bengalis and Chennai is for Madarisis, than what is left for the Indians to claim?
Nation has just ended up its commemoration of 59th of its Republic Day anniversary with a lot of hype and hoopla. After all, it is newly invented confident nation, marching ahead in this radically changed globalised world. The cause of celebration assumed even greater significance in the backdrop of a radical change in the global perception of India as a booming economy with ever increasing malls, BPOs and software revolution and on top of it all: its vast pool of English educated manpower (a doubtless cause of envy for other lesser developed world economies). The evidence of India’s growing strength and recognition was adequately vindicated by the conspicuous gracing of the occasion by the French President Sarkozy. How the world perception of India being a nation of snake charmers and half-naked fakirs metamorphosed into that of a growing world power reasserting its authority to claim its rightful and legitimate place in the world affairs, within a decade or two, is itself a glowing tribute to the millions of middle-class youth who wanted to give India its long over due place in the committee of nations? But all these much trumpeted Indian achievements aside, the biggest question that current Raj Thackeray episode has unfolded is: Which India we talk about, the India that exist buried in the history and the pages of our constitution or the India that erupts in the cricketing ground in the midst of cricketing frenzy, or in the wake of Kargil war, or India which becomes the lofty terms for the politicians to whip the nation sentiments, or the India that lay buried with the corpses of all our freedom fighters who dreamed the concept of a nation-state?
How the nation with such tremendous amount of diversity could exist for more than five decades is itself a miracle for Westerners who prophesied that a nation-state like India with multiple inherent contradictions would collapse under its own heavy weight sooner than later? But still India survives at least in the eyes of the outsiders. But where does India exist for those residing within, once again brings to the fore the most burning issue which politicians of national status prefer to avoid or at best duck: Where does India exist and who are the Indians?
The biggest irony of the whole the episode is the inscrutable and enigmatic silence of our so called nation parties – Congress and the BJP which preferred to remain incommunicado when defining India ought to have been there prerogative. Where and to whom these poor creatures of BIMARU (Cow-belt Regions) would go to seek a direct answer as to what India is and where does it exist? They further ask that gala celebration 59th of its Republic anniversary glorifying India and the Indians meant for whom?
Do these innocent people from cow-belt regions, especially from Bihar and UP, having no sources of bread and butter in their home states, need to apply for the visas and work permits for working in the metropolises from M/s Thackeray and company, if so, where does the government of India exist? If the writ of the M/s Thackeray and company over rides that of government of India’s enforcement of rule of law, the immediate question mark is raised on the status and the ability of the government to govern.
The mood conclusive point all these argument is that the concept of Indian nation-state has been hurriedly conceived to claim independence from the foreign imperialistic rule and the truth is that India never existed as a nation-state in the past, neither does it exist at present and nor will it ever exist in the future. The loosely structured concept of nationhood as that of India which at best exist in the constitution, celebration of India’s victory in a cricketing ground or in the midst of Kargil frenzy and India’s resultant victory, cannot co-relate with a life of day-to-day struggle for the millions of North-Indians who lead a life of virtual refugees in their own country (The sobriquet of ‘Bihari denoting the inferior status is given to the toiling millions of people from North-India). Who will provide solace or reassurance to these struggling mass that India is not a product of cricketing frenzy and Kargil war drumbeats, but a day to day reality where they have every right to free movement within the sovereignty of India and no visa followed by the working permits are required from the THUGS like Thackeray and company?
Will the answer come from the prime minister – designate of BJP Mr. Advani who, in his grand endeavor to catapult BJP to power, invented Lord Rama as a unifying factor for the nation (tragically Kuranidhi has in his recent controversial outburst dubbed Lord Rama as North-Indian God) or whether Madam (Mrs.) Sonia Gandhi will provide answer to the millions of aggrieved North-Indians? But alias, nothing inspires our politicians more than political expediency and as such, Mr. Advani is compelled by his own coalition partner running amok and Madam (Mrs.) Sonia Gandhi remaining incommunicado because of the vote bank politics.
The crux of the whole issue boils down to this: if the nation’s destiny setter remains aloof from the biggest crisis engulfing the nation – its identity crisis – who will bail the nation from its biggest predicament engulfing it? In the past, we pooh-poohed Pakistan for being the most fragile nation surviving on anti-India stand, what about us Indians who survive on cricket and Kargil for our existence as a nation? At least, Pakistan has one unifying identity – Islam – but lamentably we have none. No doubt Raj Thackeray may be arrested and situation may calm down, but the Pandora Box that he has unleashed will have much wider ramifications for the future India. Raj Thackeray’s North-Indian bashing has opened up an unprecedented debate – “Does India really exist”, if so, - where? If Mumbai is for Maharastrains, Delhi is for Punjabis, Kolkata is for Bengalis and Chennai is for Madarisis, than what is left for the Indians to claim?
Jai Hind.
आ.VIDEHA,Mithila,Tirbhukti, Tirhut…(आँगा)
The accounts of Janaka Vaideha in the Vedic texts mention kingdoms and tribes of the northern, middle and eastern regions of India, e.g., Gandhara, Kekaya, Madra, Kuru, Panchala, Kasi and Videha. Kaushitiki -Upanishad furnishes list of states that existed in the time of Gargya Balaki, a contemporary of Ajatshaatru of Kasi and Janaka of Videha, the Usinaras, the Matsyas, the Kurus and the Panchalas.The Aitareya-Brahmana, mentions types of government. Sankhayana-Srauta-Sutra says that the Kasi, Kosala and Videha kingdoms had a common Purohita, Jala Jatukarna, a contemporary of Uddalaka Aruni and Svetaketu Aruneya. So Gandhara,Kekaya, Madra, Uginara, Vatsa, Malaya, Kuru, Panchala, Kasi, Videha, Kosala and Satvat were existant. The Puran-Jataka list has the following states-Vatsa, Kuru, Panchala, Kasi, Videha, Kosala, Surasena, Magadha, Avanti, Mahishmati, Mamaka, Kalinga and Anga. The number of states occurring in the time of Janaka Vaideha comes to eighteen. There were other states also in Janaka's time.Gandhara region was famous for learning, Uddalaka Aruni of the Kuru-Panchala toured it,it is supported by the Jatakas(journeyed to Takshasila). The Svetaketu Jataks sys that son of Uddalaka called Svetaketu also travelled to to Taxila and
learned all the arts.Asvapati of Kekaya was one of the four great rulers of the time, the three others being Javali of Panchala, Ajatasatru of Kasi and Janaka of Videha. He instructed a number of Brahhmanas.Madra was the home of many famous scholars and teachers. Gargya Balaki, lived for some time in the Usinara country .Gargya Balaki lived for some time among the Vatsas also. Gargya Balaki dwelt among the Matsyas and Kuru also.The Brahmanas of the Kuru-Panchala country gathered at the sacrifice of Janaka Vaideha.
Ushasti Chakrayana visited the sacrificial place of a king or chief (presumably in Kuru-land where he had been living) and pointed out certain deficiencies in the sacrifice there.
The Kuru-Panchala Brahmanas took part in the intellectual contest at the court of Videha.
Ajatasatru is represented as being jealous of Janaka's fame as a patron of Brahmanical sages and learning. Kosala was father¬land of Janaka's Hotri priest Asvala.
Janaka was a real lover of learning was anxious to acquire knowledge about Brahma and besides Yajnavalkya, he learnt from ( as per Brihadaranyaka¬ Upanishad) Jitvan Salini, Udarika Saulbayana , Barku Varshna ,Gardabh Bhradvaja , Satyakama Jabala and Vidagdha Sakalya.Vaideha instituted a sacrifice at which many presents were to he distributed. He enclosed a thousand cows., to the horns of each ten padas (of gold) were bound.Yajnavalkya drove away the thousand cows meant for the most learned Brahmana, was challenged by other Brahmana scholars, viz., Asvala, Jatkarana Artabhaga, Bhujyu Lahyayani, Ushasta Chakrayana, Kaushitakeya, Gargi Vachaknavi, Uddalaka Aruni and Vidagdha Sakalya. Asvala was appointed the Hotri priest of Janaka Vaideha and was the first to challenge Yajnavalkya ,received suitable. Ushashti Chakrayan was a very poor man and lived among the Kurus in the village of a rich man with his wife Atiki. He was not greedy. Kahoda-According to him the cap of the plants (e,g., barley and rice) offered as first-fruits at the commencement of the harvest truly belonged to those two, heaven and earth, and that it might be eaten after having been offered to the gods.
विदेह (पाक्षिक) संपादक- गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। एतय प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि, मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ आर्काइवक/ अंग्रेजी-संस्कृत अनुवादक ई-प्रकाशन/ आर्काइवक अधिकार एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ छैक। रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आऽ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) ggajendra@yahoo.co.in आकि ggajendra@videha.co.in केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx आ’ .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकैत छथि। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ’ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आऽ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत। एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक 1 आ’ 15 तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।
सिद्धिरस्तु
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